Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis

Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis
Part of the First Chechen War
Hostages released from the hospital at Budyonnovsk
Location	Budyonnovsk, Stavropol Krai, Russia
Coordinates	44°47′02″N 44°09′57″E
Date	14–19 June 1995
Attack type	Hostage crisis
Deaths	129
Injured	415
Perpetrators	Chechen separatists led by Shamil Basayev and Aslambek Abdulkhadzhiev
Motive	Forcing ceasefire in the war, securing safe return to Chechnya

Location of Stavropol Krai territory on the map of Russia

The Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis (Russian: Теракт в Будённовске, ter-act in Budyonnovsk) took place from 14 to 19 June 1995, when a group of Chechen separatists led by Shamil Basayev attacked the southern Russian city of Budyonnovsk (sometimes transliterated as Budennovsk), some 110km north of the border with the breakaway Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, during the First Chechen War of 1994—96. After short fighting in the city, Basayev and his men took over a local hospital complex where they gathered over 2,000 mostly civilian hostages, demanding a ceasefire in Chechnya and Russia to resume talks with the Chechen leaderships. Following Russian government's failed attempts to respond to the situation by force, Russian prime minister Viktor Chernomyrdin agreed to Basayev's demands, securing the release of the hostages.

Initial attack

Shamil Basayev's group of 195 Chechen separatist fighters crossed from the south of embattled Chechnya through the Russian republic of Dagestan into the Russian republic of Stavropol Krai. They moved concealed in a column of three KamAZ military trucks and a police VAZ-2106 car, their drivers dressed as Russian servicemen and pretending to carry a "Cargo 200" load of corpses of dead Russian troops back from the war zone.

At about noon on 14 June, the Chechen column was stopped at Budyonnovsk by the local police and ordered to drive to the city's main police station. Having arrived there, the Chechens attacked and captured the police headquarters as well as the city hall, raising Chechen flags over local administration offices. Over the next several hours, as Russian reinforcements arrived, the Chechens retreated to the residential district and regrouped in the city's main hospital, taking hostages on their way. During the hostage taking on the streets and on the way to the hospital, the attackers killed as many as 41 people, including police officers, soldiers, personnel from Budyonnovsk air base, and resisting civilians.

Hostage crisis

At the hospital complex, Basayev's group they held more than 2,000 people, most of them civilians, including 150 children and a number of women with newborn infants. Basayev issued an ultimatum, threatening to kill the hostages unless his demands were met. These included an end to the First Chechen War, and direct negotiations by Russia with the Chechen representatives. Basayev also demanded that the Russian authorities bring reporters to the scene and allow them to enter the Chechen position in the hospital. Russian president Boris Yeltsin immediately vowed to do everything possible to free the hostages, denouncing the attack as "unprecedented in cynicism and cruelty". By the end of the first day, over 300 hostages have been released.

At about 8 pm on 15 June, the Chechens killed a hostage, a military registration and enlistment officer. When the reporters did not arrive at the arranged time, five other hostages were shot to death on Basayev's order. The New York Times quoted the hospital's chief doctor that "several of the Chechens had just grabbed five hostages at random and shot them to show the world they were serious in their demands that Russian troops leave their land." Those shot were, according to conflicting reports, either five military helicopter pilots, or three pilots and two policemen. Russian security minister Sergei Stepashin called the reports of the execution "a bluff".

After three days of siege, the Russian authorities ordered the security forces to retake the hospital compound. The forces employed were MVD police and Internal Troops, along with special force from the Federal Security Service (FSB), including the elite Alpha Group. They attacked at dawn on the fourth day, meeting fierce resistance. After several hours of fighting, in which many hostages were killed by crossfire, a local ceasefire was agreed on and Basayev released more hostages, including all pregnant women and nursing mothers with their children. A second Russian attack on the hospital a few hours later also failed, and so did a third, resulting in further casualties. The Russian authorities accused the Chechens of using the hostages as human shields. Yeltsin's human rights advisor Sergey Kovalyov described the scene: "In half an hour the hospital was burning, and it was not until the next morning that we found out what happened there as a result of this shooting. I saw with my own eyes pieces of human flesh stuck to the walls and the ceiling and burned corpses". Nevertheless, some hostages have been freed by the Russian troops and Basayev soon released all remaining women and children. The both sides also agreed on the arrival of fire trucks and ambulances to the hospital in order to put down the fires and evacuate the dead.

Resolution of the crisis

On 18 June, negotiations between Basayev and, personally, Russian prime minister Viktor Chernomyrdin led to a compromise which became a turning point for the First Chechen War. Russian government agreed to halt military actions in Chechnya and begin negotiations.

Statement of the Government of the Russian Federation.

To release the hostages who have been held in Budennovsk, the Government of Russian Federation:
1. Guarantees an immediate cessation of combat operations and bombings in the territory of Chechnya from 05 AM, 19 June 1995. Along with this action, all the children, women, elderly, sick and wounded, who have been taken hostage, should be released.
2. Appoints a delegation, authorized to negotiate the terms of the peaceful settlement of conflict in Chechnya, with V. A. Mihailov as a leader and A. I. Volsky as a deputy. Negotiations will start immediately on the 18th June 1995, as soon as the delegation arrives in Grozny. All the other issues, including a question of withdrawal of the armed forces, will be peacefully resolved at the negotiating table.
3. After all the other hostages are released, will provide Sh. Basayev and his group with transport and secure their transportation from the scene to Chechen territory.
4. Delegates the authorised representatives of the Government of the Russia Federation A. V. Korobeinikov and V. K. Medvedickov to deliver this Statement to Sh. Basayev.

Prime Minister of the Russian Federation
V. S. Chernomirdin
18 June 1995
20:35

The agreement resulted in the release of 350 more hostages. Yeltsin meanwhile had gone to the summit of the G8 in Canada. After meeting with Yeltsin, the Group of Eight condemned violence on both sides of the Chechen conflict. When asked about the crisis by a journalist, Yeltsin denounced the rebels as ″horrible bandits with black bands on their foreheads″ (″Это оголтелые бандиты, понимаешь, с чёрными повязками″).

On 19 June, all remaining hostages were released. Basayev's group, with 120 volunteer hostages (including 16 journalists and nine State Duma deputies), traveled uneventfully to the village of Zandak, inside Chechnya, near the border with Dagestan. The volunteer hostages were then released; Basayev, accompanied by some of the journalists, went to the village of Dargo, where he was welcomed as a hero.

The raid is widely seen as the turning point in the war. It boosted morale among Chechen separatists, shocked the Russian public, and discredited the Russian government. The initiated negotiations gave the Chechens the critically needed time to regroup and rearm. Until the end of the conflict, the Russian forces never regained the initiative.

Casualties and damage

According to official figures, 129 people were killed and 415 were injured (of whom 18 later died of their wounds) as the result of the attack. This includes at least 105 civilian, 11 police and 14 military fatalities. However, according to an independent estimate 166 hostages were killed and 541 injured in the special forces assualt on the hospital. A report submitted by Russia to the Council of Europe stated that the total 130 civilians, 18 policemen, and 17 soldiers have been killed, and more than 400 people have been wounded.

Over 160 buildings in the town were destroyed or damaged, including 54 municipal buildings and 110 private houses. Many of the former hostages suffered psychological traumas and were treated at a new facility in Budyonnovsk.

Political aftermath

The government's handling of the Budyonnovsk was perceived as inept by many Russians. The State Duma passed a motion of no confidence by 241 to 72. However, this was seen as purely symbolic, and the government did not resign. Still, the debacle cost both Stepashin and interior minister Viktor Yerin their jobs; they resigned on 30 June 1995.

Basayev's force suffered 11 men killed and one missing; most of their bodies were returned to Chechnya in a refrigerator truck. In the years following the hostage taking, more than 40 of the surviving attackers have been tracked down and killed, including Aslambek Abdulkhadzhiev in 2002 and Basayev himself in 2006, and more than 20 were sentenced by the Stavropol territorial court to various terms of imprisonment.

See also

• Beslan school hostage crisis
• First Chechen War
• Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye hostage crisis
• List of hostage crises
• Moscow theater hostage crisis

External links

• Was It Just a Warning Shot? Pavel Felgenhauer, The Moscow Times, 31 October 2002
• Chechen rebels' hostage history BBC News, 1 September 2004
• The Rise Of Russia's 'Terrorist No. 1' Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 28 June 2006
• 12th anniversary of Basayev's raid on Budyonnovsk Prague Watchdog, 15 June 2007