Journey to the West (1986 TV series)
Journey to the West | |||||||
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![]() Promotional poster | |||||||
Chinese name | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 西遊記 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 西游记 | ||||||
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Genre |
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Based on | Journey to the West by Wu Cheng'en | ||||||
Screenplay by |
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Directed by |
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Starring | |||||||
Theme music composer | Xu Jingqing | ||||||
Opening theme | Immortal Sound Above Cloud Palace (云宫迅音) | ||||||
Ending theme | Dare to Ask Where is the Road (敢问路在何方) | ||||||
Composer | Xu Jingqing | ||||||
Country of origin | China | ||||||
Original language | Mandarin | ||||||
No. of seasons | 2 | ||||||
No. of episodes | 41 (40 on the YouTube release) | ||||||
Production | |||||||
Executive producers |
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Producer | Yang Jie | ||||||
Production location | China | ||||||
Cinematography | Wang Chongqiu | ||||||
Running time | 40–62 minutes (45 on the YouTube release) | ||||||
Production companies |
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Original release | |||||||
Network | CCTV | ||||||
Release | 1 October 1986 18 February 2000 | –||||||
Related | |||||||
Wu Cheng'en and Journey to the West |
Journey to the West is a Chinese television series adapted from Wu Cheng'en's 16th-century novel of the same name. It was directed by Yang Jie and stars Liu Xiao Ling Tong as Sun Wukong, Chi Chongrui as Tang Sanzang, Ma Dehua as Zhu Bajie, and Yan Huaili as Sha Wujing.
The show was first broadcast as a trial episode in Mainland China in 1982. Eleven completed episodes were released on October 1 1986 before all 25 episodes were collectively broadcast on CCTV in 1988.[1] A second series totaling 16 episodes was filmed in 1998. The series concluded in 2000 with 41 episodes broadcast over two seasons.
Set in Tang-era China, Journey to the West follows the journey of Chinese Buddhist monk Tang Sanzang and his three disciples, Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie, and Sha Wujing on their pilgrimage to India.
Journey to the West attracted record viewership in China and gained national widespread popularity. The series has been praised for staying faithful to the novel and its opening and ending themes have become iconic tunes in the public conscious. In 1988, the show received a Feitian Award (Outstanding Artistry) and two Golden Eagle Awards (Best Television Series and Best Actor).
Premise
[edit]Buddhist monk Tang Sanzang embarks on a holy pilgrimage to India seeking out and bringing back to China Buddhist scriptures. He is accompanied by three powerful disciples, Sun Wukong, a shapeshifting stone monkey and trickster who rebelled against Heaven, Zhu Bajie, a former Marshal Canopy of Heaven expelled for harassing the moon goddess Chang'e and subsequently reincarnated as a humanoid pig, and Sha Wujing, a former Curtain-Lifting General in Heaven expelled for breaking a valuable vase and reincarnated as a man-eating monster. Along their journey, the four pilgrims face 81 tribulations, some of which involve affairs of normal humans, whilst others consist of the disciples protecting their master from various demons and monsters who wish to consume Tang Sanzang's flesh in hopes of gaining immortality.
List of episodes
[edit]Season 1
[edit]Season 1 has 25 episodes and covers 74 chapters of the novel. It was aired as a whole series in 1988.
No. overall | No. in series | Translated title in English | Original title in Chinese | Based on chapter(s) of novel |
Runtime in minutes |
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1 | 1 | Birth of the Monkey King | 猴王初问世 | 1-2 | 40 |
2 | 2 | Becoming a horse-keeper | 官封弼马温 | 2-4 | 44 |
3 | 3 | Havoc in Heaven | 大圣闹天宫 | 4-7 | 57 |
4 | 4 | Five Elements Mountain | 困囚五行山 | 7-9, 12-13 | 41 |
5 | 5 | The Monkey King guards Tang Sanzang | 猴王保唐僧 | 13-15 | 51 |
6 | 6 | Trouble in the temple of Guanyin | 祸起观音院 | 16-17 | 42 |
7 | 7 | The recruitment of Zhu Bajie | 计收猪八戒 | 18-19 | 51 |
8 | 8 | Facing three adversities during the tough journey | 坎途逢三难 | 20-24 | 49 |
9 | 9 | Stealing the Ginsengfruit | 偷吃人蔘果 | 24-26 | 51 |
10 | 10 | Three battles with the White Bone Demon | 三打白骨精 | 27 | 48 |
11 | 11 | Cleverly instigating the Monkey King | 智激美猴王 | 28-31 | 52 |
12 | 12 | Robbing treasure in the Lotus Cave | 夺宝莲花洞 | 32-35 | 51 |
13 | 13 | Slaying demons in the Kingdom of Wuji | 除妖乌鸡国 | 36-39 | 58 |
14 | 14 | Battling Red Boy | 大战红孩儿 | 40-42 | 42 |
15 | 15 | Defeating three demons in a contest of magic powers | 斗法降三怪 | 44-46 | 59 |
16 | 16 | Interesting encounter in Women's Kingdom | 趣经女儿国 | 53-55 | 59 |
17 | 17 | Three attempts in taking the Palm Leaf Fan | 三调芭蕉扇 | 59-61 | 50 |
18 | 18 | Cleaning the tower and redressing a grievance | 扫塔辨奇冤 | 62-63 | 54 |
19 | 19 | Entering Little Leiyin Temple by mistake | 误入小雷音 | 64-66 | 55 |
20 | 20 | The Monkey King becomes a physician | 孙猴巧行医 | 68-71 | 56 |
21 | 21 | Falling into the spiders' cave by accident | 错坠盘丝洞 | 72-73 | 57 |
22 | 22 | Four visits to the abyss | 四探无底洞 | 80-83 | 62 |
23 | 23 | Teaching in Yuhuazhou | 传艺玉华州 | 84-85, 88-90 | 59 |
24 | 24 | Subduing the Jade Rabbit in India | 天竺收玉兔 | 93-95 | 46 |
25 | 25 | Arrival in the Land of Pureness | 波生极乐天 | 98-100 | 50 |
Season 2
[edit]Due to budgetary issues, five of the initially planned episodes were not filmed:
- Dangerous crossing at Heaven Reaching River (险渡通天河), covering chapters 47-49
- Capturing the Azure Bull Demon (收伏青牛怪), covering chapters 50-52
- The real and fake Monkey King (真假美猴王), covering chapters 56-58
- Obstacle at Lion Camel Ridge (遇阻狮驼岭), covering chapters 74-77
- Rescuing children in a city (救难小儿城),[2] covering chapters 78-79
No. overall | No. in series | Translated title in English | Original title in Chinese | Based on chapter(s) of novel | Runtime in minutes |
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26 | 1 | Dangerous crossing at Heaven Reaching River | 险渡通天河 | 47-48 | 43 |
27 | 2 | A rift between master and disciples | 师徒生二心 | 49, 56-58 | 44 |
28 | 3 | The real and fake Monkey King | 真假美猴王 | 58 | 44 |
29 | 4 | Obstacle at Lion Camel Ridge | 受阻狮驼岭 | 58, 74 | 44 |
30 | 5 | Meeting immortals at Peacock Platform | 遇仙孔雀台 | 75-76 | 44 |
31 | 6 | Buddha captures the Great Peng | 如来收大鹏 | 77, 43 | 44 |
32 | 7 | Heartbreak at Black Water River | 情断黑水河 | 43, 10 | 44 |
33 | 8 | Capturing the Azure Bull Demon | 收伏青牛怪 | 50-51 | 44 |
34 | 9 | Praying for rain in Phoenix Immortal Prefecture | 祈雨凤仙郡 | 52, 87 | 44 |
35 | 10 | Wreaking havoc in Fragrance Covered Hall | 大闹披香殿 | 87, 67 | 44 |
36 | 11 | A dead end becomes the way | 绝域变通途 | 67, 86 | 44 |
37 | 12 | Shedding tears on Hidden Misty Mountain | 泪洒隐雾山 | 86, 78 | 44 |
38 | 13 | Rescuing children in a city | 救难小儿城 | 78-79 | 44 |
39 | 14 | Catching bandits in the land of bodhi | 缉盗菩提域 | 79, 88, 96-97 | 44 |
40 | 15 | Returning the soul of Benefactor Kou | 还魂寇善人 | 97, 91 | 44 |
41 | 16 | Admiring lanterns in Jinping Prefecture | 观灯金平府 | 91-92 | 43 |
Cast
[edit]- Some of the actors played multiple roles while certain roles were played by multiple actors
Season 1
[edit]Main cast
[edit]- Liu Xiao Ling Tong as Sun Wukong
- Wang Yue (episodes 6, 9, 10), Xu Shaohua (episodes 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14-16), Chi Chongrui (episodes 13, 17-25) as Tang Sanzang
- Ma Dehua as Zhu Bajie
- Yan Huaili as Sha Wujing
Other cast
[edit]- Listed in order of appearance
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Season 2
[edit]Main cast
[edit]- Liu Xiao Ling Tong as Sun Wukong
- Xu Shaohua, Chi Chongrui as Tang Sanzang
- Cui Jingfu as Zhu Bajie
- Liu Dagang as Sha Wujing
Other cast
[edit]- Listed in order of appearance
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Production
[edit]Development
[edit]Yang Jie was appointed director of the series in 1982 and developed the screenplay with Dai Yinglu and Sou Yiping. Yang sought to explore the humanity of the original novel’s characters and so focused on the complexities of interpersonal relationships between them in preference to focusing on action sequences.[1] A major difference from the novel was the depiction of Tang Sanzang having his faith challenged after the queen of Women’s Kingdom develops romantic feelings for him and he is, in turn, tempted to give into desire and reciprocate her affections.
Due to a shortage of staff, Yang largely managed the series’ budgeting, financing, scouting, writing, editing and casting. She insisted on filming on location instead of a sound stage and spent months searching across China for suitable locations.[3] In preparation for the stunt work required of the actors, she and her husband Wang Chongqiu also studied wire work in Hong Kong.[4]
Casting
[edit]Initial casting for the characters, notably the role of Sun Wukong, proved difficult as the production team had no points of reference to base off of in modern media. Peking opera was ultimately selected due to its history and artistry in depicting various characters and tales from Chinese folklore, which codirector Xun Hao perceived as an important foundation and reference point for the writing of Sun Wukong’s character, as well as for capturing his appearance and mannerisms that felt familiar to a Chinese audience.[1] As a result, a majority of the cast hailed with a background in Peking opera and elements of the genre, such as pantomiming, were incorporated into their scenes.
Performing artist Liu Xiao Ling Tong, who hailed from a family of performers specializing in portraying Sun Wukong, was cast in the role after Yang Jie requested to see a private demonstration in Beijing. His speaking voice was dubbed by Li Shihong from episodes one to five in season one and by Li Yang for the remainder of both seasons.
Wang Yue was cast as Tang Sanzang and filmed three episodes before leaving mid-production to pursue a film career. He was replaced by Xu Shaohua who departed soon after filming the episode, Interesting encounter in Women's Kingdom, to pursue university in Shandong. Peking opera singer Chi Chongrui took on the role for the remainder of the first season and had been recruited by chance after being spotted by Yang Jie while passing each other in a corridor.[1] Both Xu and Chi would return in season two, sharing the role for eight episodes each between them. The voice of Tang Sanzang was dubbed by Zhang Yunming.
Ma Dehua was cast as Zhu Bajie and Yan Huaili as Sha Wujing. Both were replaced in season two by Cui Jingfu and Liu Dagang respectively. Li Po provided the dubbed voice of Zhu Bajie.
Filming
[edit]Filming began on July 3 1982 with the entirety of season one being shot on a single Sony BVP-300 model camera.[1][4] On location shooting took place across various provinces and cities in China including Beijing, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Sichuan, and Xinjiang, while episodes in India were completed in Thailand.[4] Various underwater scenes and those depicting Heaven were shot at a sound stage, with dry ice being used to imitate the effects of clouds.
Limited resources and poor logistical support caused several issues during season one’s production process. Many actors were injured during airborne battle sequences as the wires used to suspend them frequently broke.[3] To compensate, cardboard boxes and pillows were placed beneath the wires while young athletes from local sport schools were hired to perform stunts using trampolines for high angle shots.[4] With individual scenes being shot on a single camera, a significant amount of time was required for the completion of a single episode, often needing three to four months.[4] By 1986, the first fifteen episodes had accrued CCTV three million yuan in production costs resulting in funding to be pulled. Production was further interrupted when Yang Jie and the production team came under investigation by the network on suspicions they were squandering national funds.[3] Season one was only able to be completed with a three-million-yuan loan from the China Railway 11th Bureau Group. However, five of the planned 30 episodes remained unfinished and were adapted into a later season a decade later in 1998. Season two reportedly received thirteen million yuan in funds to film.[3]
Music
[edit]Xu Jingqing was selected to be the series' main music composer after Yang Jie heard a demo of Happy Gathering at Flower Fruit Mountain.[5] Xu used a combination of traditional Chinese instruments as well as a Yamaha DX7 synthesizer and an electronic drum to create most of the series' music, and has described the genre as a 'mix between Chinese traditional music, electronic music, and orchestral song'.[6][7] At the time, the use of electric music, perceived by the network as "Western" and "modern" and thus unfitting for the telling of a traditional Chinese story, became an issue of debate with Xu almost being fired during production.[8] Inspiration for the first season's opening theme was drawn from Xu hearing a group of part-time workers humming and drumming their lunchboxes in tune, whilst lyrics to Dare to Ask Where is the Road and Women's Feelings were all drawn from his personal life experiences. He also referenced the 1951 Indian film, Awaara, when composing Indian Girl.[5]
Soundtrack
[edit]Season 1
[edit]# | Track title | Credits | Notes |
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1 | 西游记序曲 / 云宫迅音 (Journey to the West Opening Theme / Immortal Sound Above Cloud Palace) |
Performed by the musical band of the Central Ballet Troupe; conducted by Hu Bingxu | The opening theme music played at the start of each episode |
2 | 百曲千折显精诚 (Thousands of Adversities Prove One's Sincerity) |
Composed by Wang Liping; lyrics by Wang Liping; performed by Wu Yanze | Opening theme song of episodes 7 and 10 during the 1984 run; replaced by the first track in the 1986 run. |
3 | 敢问路在何方 (Dare to Ask Where is the Road) |
Lyrics by Yan Su; performed by Zhang Baomo / Jiang Dawei | Ending theme song; performed by Zhang Baomo during the initial runs in 1984 and 1986; performed by Jiang Dawei in the full 25 episodes run |
4 | 生无名本无姓 (Born Without a Name, Naturally Without a Surname) |
Lyrics by Fulin and Xiaoling; performed by Huang Xiaoqun | Insert song in episode 3; played during the 1986 run; later performed by Wang Xiaoqing |
5 | 大圣歌 (Song of the Great Sage) |
Lyrics by Yan Su; performed by Hu Yinyin | Insert song in episode 3, replaced the fourth track in the full 25 episodes run |
6 | 他多想是棵小草 / 被贬五行山 (He Wished He Was a Blade of Grass / Trapped Under Five Elements Mountain) |
Lyrics by Yan Su; performed by Ding Xiaoqing | Insert song in episode 4; played during the 1986 run |
7 | 五百年桑田沧海 (500 Years of Great Changes) |
Lyrics by Yan Su; performed by Yu Junjian | Insert song in episode 4; replaced the sixth track in the full 25 episodes run |
8 | 走啊走 (Let's Go) |
Lyrics by Yan Su; performed by Zhou Lifu / Li Jingxian | Insert song in episode 4; performed by Zhou Lifu in the 1986 run; performed by Li Jingxian in the full 25 episodes run |
9 | 吹不散这点点愁 (Cannot Blow Away This Little Bit of Misery) |
Lyrics by Yan Su, performed by Yu Junjian | Insert song in episode 10 |
10 | 女儿情 (Women's Feelings) |
Lyrics by Yang Jie; performed by Wu Jing | Insert song in episode 16 |
11 | 相见难别亦难 (Meeting is Difficult, Parting Ways is Also Difficult) |
Lyrics by Yan Su; performed by Wu Jing | Insert song in episode 16 |
12 | 晴空月儿明 (Clear Sky, Bright Moon) |
Lyrics by Yan Su; performed by Chi Chongrui | Insert song in episode 18 |
13 | 何必西天万里遥 (Why Must the West Heaven be So Far Away) |
Lyrics by Yan Su; performed by Wu Jing | Insert song in episode 19 |
14 | 天竺少女 (Indian Girl) |
Lyrics by Yan Su; performed by Li Lingyu | Insert song in episode 24 |
15 | 青青菩提树 (Green Bodhi Tree) |
Lyrics by Yan Su; performed by Li Jingxian | Insert song in episode 25 |
16 | 无底船歌 (Song of the Bottomless Boat) |
Lyrics by Yan Su; performed by Ye Mao | Insert song in episode 25 |
17 | 取经归来 (Returning with the Scriptures) |
Lyrics by Dai Yinglu; performed by Jiang Dawei | Insert song in episode 25 |
18 | 欢聚花果山 (Happy Gathering at Flower Fruit Mountain) |
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19 | 快乐花果山 (Joy in Flower Fruit Mountain) |
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20 | 逍遥自在的孙大圣 (The Carefree Great Sage Sun) |
Lyrics by Yan Su; performed by Zhang Xu | Insert in episode 3 |
21 | 幽冥界 (The Underworld) |
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22 | 初进凌霄殿 (First Entrance into Lingxiao Hall) |
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23 | 官封弼马温 (Appointed Keeper of Horses) |
Lyrics by Yan Su; performed by a children's choir | Used as a soundtrack in an earlier version of episode 2 |
24 | 嫦娥舞曲 (Chang'e's Dance Theme) |
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25 | 大闹蟠桃会 (Causing Trouble at the Peach Feast) |
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26 | 大战二郎神 (Fighting Erlang Shen) |
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27 | 安天会 (Heaven Pacification Meeting) |
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28 | 观音宝曲 (Guanyin's Theme) |
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29 | 送别 (Farewell) |
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30 | 状元巡街 (Top Scholar Parades Through the Streets) |
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31 | 江流儿 (The River Flows) |
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32 | 放生曲 (Release Theme) |
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33 | 江月 (River and Moon) |
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34 | 痴梦 (Delusional Dream) |
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35 | 猪八戒背媳妇 (Zhu Bajie Carries his Spouse) |
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36 | 猪八戒撞天婚 (Zhu Bajie's Marriage) |
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37 | 偷吃人参果 (Stealing the Ginsengfruit) |
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38 | 仙童骂战 (Argument Between Boys) |
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39 | 公主打猎曲 (The Princess Goes Hunting Theme) |
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40 | 云山雾海 (Clouded Mountains and Misty Seas) |
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41 | 乌鸡遗恨 (Regret in Wuji) |
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42 | 登坛作法 (Setting Up an Altar and Preparing for a Ritual) |
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43 | 云台显圣 (Display of Power at Cloud Platform) |
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44 | 鸳鸯梦 (Dream of the Mandarin Ducks) |
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45 | 铁扇仙舞剑 (Princess Iron Fan's Sword Dance) |
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46 | 风雨行路难 (A Road Hard to Travel) |
Season 2
[edit]# | Track title | Credits | Notes |
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1 | 通天大道宽又阔 (The Path to Heaven is Wide) |
Music and lyrics by Yao Ming; performed by Choi Kyung Ho / Clover | The main theme song |
2 | 敢问路在何方 (Dare to Ask Where Is the Road) |
Lyrics by Yan Su; performed by Jiang Dawei | The ending theme song |
3 | 伴君常开花一朵 (By Your Side, A Flower Often Blossoms) |
Music and lyrics by Yao Ming; performed by Pan Jun | Insert song |
4 | 心中有路是坦途 (The Road in Your Heart is a Level Path) |
Music by Xu Jingqing and lyrics by Yao Ming; performed by Chi Chongrui | Originally written as an insert song, but was replaced by Watch Me Ride My Horse and Wave My Whip in the final release. |
5 | 留不住去也难 (Cannot Make You Stay, Leaving is Also Difficult) |
Music by Xu Jingqing and lyrics by Yao Ming; performed by Li Shu | Originally written as an insert song, but was in the final release replaced by 就这样走 (Just Leave Like This) Music and lyrics by Yao Ming; performed by Chen Xiaotao. |
6 | 庄严我神州大地 (The Dignity of Our Land) |
Music and lyrics by Yao Ming; performed by Zhang Mai | |
7 | 多少情和意 (How Much Love and Meaning) |
Music by Xu Jingqing and lyrics by Yao Ming; performed by Wu Jing and Mou Xuanfu | Originally written as an insert song, but was replaced by a piece of background music in the final release. |
8 | 看我跃马扬鞭 (Watch Me Ride My Horse and Wave My Whip) |
Music and lyrics by Yao Ming; performed by Chi Chongrui | Insert song |
Availability in the West
[edit]In 2017, CCTV released both seasons on YouTube complete with English subtitles.[9][10] Episode five of the second season was deleted and instead merged with the fourth episode Obstacle at Lion Camel Ridge, making a total of 40 episodes instead of the original 41.[11]
Reception
[edit]Upon its release, Journey to the West was praised for its faithfulness to the source material and lauded as one of the pioneers in national media for artistically representing China's traditions and values, its aesthetics helping break 'the single-role-image constructed by previous TV series'.[12] On Chinese social networking service Douban, season one currently holds a 9.7/10 rating and season two 9.1/10.[13][14] Season one received a record viewership rate of 89.4% in 1987.[15] Since its original airing, the episodes have been rebroadcast over 2000 times across various television networks in Mainland China, making Journey to the West one of the country's most watched series.[16]
Internationally, Journey to the West received similar acclaim in Southeast Asia and helped launch Sun Wukong actor Liu Xiao Ling Tong into international stardom.[4][17] The opening theme was also featured in the 2024 video game Black Myth: Wukong.[18]
In response to the series' enduring popularity, Yang Jie was quoted as saying "People often express their love for Journey to the West to me, but every time I hear that kind of thing, I regret that I didn’t do it better. If you ask me why so many people love this TV adaptation, I think I know the answer: In those days, my whole crew and I were working for art, not for money, fame or personal benefits.”[4]
Accolades
[edit]Year | Award | Category | Nominee | Result | Ref. |
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1988 | Feitian Awards | Outstanding Artistry | Journey to the West | Won | [19] |
Golden Eagle Awards | Outstanding Television Series | Journey to the West | Won | [20] | |
Best Actor | Zhang Jinlai (Liu Xiao Ling Tong) | Won | [20] |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e CCTV China Showbiz television interview. Aired January 28 2020.
- ^ (in Chinese) 86版《西游记》幕后故事:九九八十一难是戏也是生活
- ^ a b c d Leng, Sidney (17 April 2017). "Director of China's 'Journey to the West', Yang Jie, dies aged 88". South China Morning Post.
- ^ a b c d e f g Yuan, Ru (26 June 2017). "Yang Jie: Journey to a Director". China Pictorial.
- ^ a b CCTV China Showbiz television interview. Aired August 13 2016.
- ^ "'Journey to the West' composer's bucket list". China.org.cn. 4 February 2016.
- ^ "《西游》作曲:音乐学院没考"登登等灯"". 广州日报. 新浪网. 25 January 2017.
- ^ "我为《西游记》作曲——许镜清的梦幻人生". 中国音乐网. 17 September 2021.
- ^ "《西游记》| 历经艰难 终成正果 【全25集】 - YouTube". YouTube.
- ^ "《西游记续集》| 师徒四人 回转长安 【全15集】 - YouTube". YouTube.
- ^ "《西游记》 Journey to the West(English Subs) | 四大名著 经典再现【全40集】 - YouTube". YouTube.
- ^ Zhang, Bin. "TV Series in China". Art Exchange.
- ^ "西游记 (1986)". Douban.
- ^ "西游记续集 (2000)". Douban.
- ^ (in Chinese) 敢问路在何方 - 电视剧《西游记》剧组聚首《艺术人生》
- ^ (in Chinese) 老剧再抢暑期档 86版《西游》重播超2000次
- ^ "Liu Xiao Ling Tong-- the "Monkey King"". CRIENGLISH. 22 November 2007.
- ^ Huang, Yahui (28 August 2024). "「黑神話:悟空」配樂「雲宮迅音」 82歲作曲者許鏡清又紅了"". World Journal (in Chinese).
- ^ "第8届中国电视剧飞天奖".
- ^ a b "第六届中国电视金鹰奖(1988年沈阳)". China Television Artists Association.
External links
[edit]- Television shows based on Journey to the West
- China Central Television original programming
- 1986 Chinese television series debuts
- 1999 Chinese television series endings
- Television shows about fairies
- Demons in television
- 1980s Chinese television series
- 1990s Chinese television series
- Mandarin-language television shows