Zamboanga del Norte
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2014) |
Zamboanga del Norte | |
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(from top: left to right) Dakak Beach, Saint James the Greater Church, Katipunan Arch and Provincial Capitol Building in Dipolog | |
Motto(s): Unity, Prosperity, Peace | |
![]() Location in the Philippines | |
Coordinates: 8°08′00″N 123°00′00″E / 8.1333333°N 123°E | |
Country | Philippines |
Region | Zamboanga Peninsula |
Founded | June 6, 1952 |
Capital and largest city | Dipolog |
Government | |
• Type | Sangguniang Panlalawigan |
• Governor | Rosalina G. Jalosjos (Nacionalista) |
• Vice Governor | Julius C. Napigquit (PDP–Laban) |
• Legislature | Zamboanga del Norte Provincial Board |
Area | |
• Total | 7,301.00 km2 (2,818.93 sq mi) |
• Rank | 9th out of 81 |
Highest elevation (Mount Dansalan) | 629 m (2,064 ft) |
Population (2020 census)[2] | |
• Total | 1,047,455 |
• Rank | 27th out of 81 |
• Density | 140/km2 (370/sq mi) |
• Rank | 60th out of 81 |
Divisions | |
• Independent cities | 0 |
• Component cities | |
• Municipalities | |
• Barangays | 691 |
• Districts | Legislative districts of Zamboanga del Norte |
Time zone | UTC+8 (PHT) |
ZIP code | 7100–7124 |
IDD : area code | +63 (0)65 |
ISO 3166 code | PH-ZAN |
Spoken languages | |
Income classification | 1st class |
Website | Province of Zamboanga del Norte Official Website |
Zamboanga del Norte (Cebuano: Amihanang Zamboanga; Subanon: Utara Sembwangan; Filipino: Hilagang Zamboanga), officially the Province of Zamboanga del Norte, is a province in the Philippines situated within the Zamboanga Peninsula region in Mindanao. Its capital and largest city is Dipolog and the province borders Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga Sibugay to the south, Misamis Occidental to the east, and the Sulu Sea to the west.
Zamboanga del Norte is the largest province of the Zamboanga Peninsula region by land area covering 7,301.00 square kilometres (2,818.93 sq mi).[1] Zamboanga del Norte is the 26th populous province in the Philippines.
History
[edit]American invasion era
[edit]Prior to its creation as a province, Zamboanga del Norte formed the northern portion of the historical province of Zamboanga.
The early history of Zamboanga del Norte is shared with that of Zamboanga City, which had been the center of the entire Mindanao area, most notably during the American era. When Zamboanga City became a chartered city on October 12, 1936, it encompassed the southern tip of the Zamboanga Peninsula and the island of Basilan, making it the largest city in the world in terms of land area.
Philippine independence
[edit]Foundation
[edit]Through Republic Act No. 711 issued on June 6, 1952, Zamboanga province was divided into two independent provinces, which included Zamboanga del Sur.[3]
Martial law era
[edit]The late 1960s in Mindanao saw a rise in land dispute conflicts arising from the influx of settlers from Luzon and Visayas,[4][5] and from the Marcos administration’s encouragement of militia groups such as the Ilaga.[6][7] News of the 1968 Jabidah massacre ignited a furor in the Moro community, and ethnic tensions encouraged with the formation of secessionist movements,[8] starting from the largely political Muslim Independence Movement and Bangsamoro Liberation Organization, and eventually the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).[7] Additionally, an economic crisis in late 1969, violent crackdowns on student protests in 1970, and 1971, and eventually the declaration of Martial Law all led to the radicalization of many students.[9] Many of them left schools in Manila and joined the New People's Army "underground" in various provinces away from the capital, bringing the New People's Army rebellion to Mindanao for the first time.[10]
The September 1972 declaration of Martial Law began a 14-year period historically remembered for its human rights abuses, [11][12] often involving the warrantless detention, murder, and physical, sexual, or mental torture of political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship.[13] Zamboanga del Norte was the site of at least one major assassination during the Marcos Martial law era - the gunning down of Human Rights lawyers Jacobo Amatong and Zorro Aguilar by two soldiers of the Marcos government, who were never caught.[14][15][16] In the underground, a prominent figure who was killed was underground acupuncturist and paramedic Leo Alto, who spent much of his time helping the Subanon communities in Zamboanga del Norte to fight for their ancestral lands. Alto and a Subanon companion were killed by the Philippine Constabulary in Polanco, Zamboanga del Norte on August 1, 1975.[17]
Alto, and lawyers Amatong and Aguilar have since been honored by having their names inscribed on the wall of remembrance at the Philippines’ Bantayog ng mga Bayani, which honors the heroes and martyrs who fought against Ferdinand Marcos and his martial law regime.[14]
Contemporary
[edit]Proposed carving out of new province
[edit]In 2017, House Bill No. 5040 was introduced in the House of Representatives seeking to carve out a new province from Zamboanga del Norte. The proposed Zamboanga Hermosa province was to consist of 12 municipalities and 2 legislative districts that make up the 3rd legislative district of Zamboanga del Norte:[18][19] Baliguian, Godod, Gutalac, Kalawit, Labason, Leon B. Postigo, Liloy (its proposed capital), Salug, Sibuco, Siocon, Sirawai, and Tampilisan. However, the bill ultimately did not pass the 17th congress.
In 2023, a new House Bill 9311 proposed a creation of a new province, Zamboanga Occidental. The proposed province is supposed to include twelve municipalities: Leon B. Postigo, Salug, Godod, Liloy, Tampilisan, Kalawit, Labason, Gutalac, Baliguian, Siocon, Sirawai, and Sibuco.[20]
Geography
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Dakak_riverside_Dapitan_City.jpg/220px-Dakak_riverside_Dapitan_City.jpg)
Zamboanga del Norte covers a total area of 7,301.00 square kilometres (2,818.93 sq mi)[21] occupying the northern portion of the Zamboanga Peninsula in western Mindanao. The province is bordered on the north and west by the Sulu Sea, on the northeast by Misamis Occidental, and on the south by Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga Sibugay.
It has an average elevation of 243.8 metres (800 ft), with Mount Dabiak in Katipunan as the highest peak at 2,600 metres (8,500 ft). Other parts, near the coastlines, are plains. The province's irregular coastline runs some 400 kilometres (250 mi) from north to south.
Climate
[edit]Zamboanga del Norte has a mild and moderate climate due to evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year. Its southern portion has a longer dry season.
Climate data for Zamboanga del Norte | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.4 (86.7) |
30.5 (86.9) |
31.6 (88.9) |
32.6 (90.7) |
32.3 (90.1) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.8 (89.2) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.4 (88.5) |
30.8 (87.4) |
31.5 (88.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.8 (71.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
20.8 (69.4) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.2 (70.2) |
21.0 (69.8) |
21.1 (70.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
21.1 (70.0) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.4 (70.5) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.3 (70.4) |
Average rainy days | 15 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 16 | 162 |
Source: Storm247[22] |
Administrative divisions
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ph_fil_zamboanga_del_norte.png/180px-Ph_fil_zamboanga_del_norte.png)
Zamboanga del Norte comprises 25 municipalities and 2 cities. Dipolog, Sindangan, and Dapitan are the most densely populated areas in the province. These are further subdivided into 691 barangays, and clustered into 3 congressional districts.[21]
Sibuco is the largest municipality by land area, constituting 10.72% (782.54 square kilometers) of the total provincial area, while Sindangan is the most populous municipality. Sibutad is the smallest, with 0.90% (65.57 square kilometers).[21]
- † Provincial capital and component city
- ∗ Component city
- Municipality
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Demographics
[edit]
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Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[23][24][25] |
The population of Zamboanga del Norte in the 2020 census was 1,047,455 people,[2] with a density of 140 inhabitants per square kilometre or 360 inhabitants per square mile. Dipolog is the most populated locality in the province, followed by the town of Sindangan and city of Dapitan.
The main language spoken is Cebuano. Other languages include Chavacano, Subanon, Filipino, and English.
Religion
[edit]The predominant religion was Islam until the Spanish regime took over the region and spread Christianity with the help of the church's mission orders like the Jesuits, Augustinians, and Dominicans. The province's first martyr of faith, soon to be raised as a saint, in Mindanao island was Padre Francesco Palliola, S.J. He was a Jesuit missionary from Nola, Italy, and was assigned to Zamboanga Peninsula. He was active as a missionary in Lubungan (Katipuan), Zamboanga del Norte, Iligan, Dapitan, and met his martyrdom at the barrio of Ponot, now a town of Jose Dalman. Roman Catholicism is a significant majority with about 50% adherence. The province has one diocese – the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dipolog under the Archdiocese of Ozamis, covering the entire province. There are also followers of other Christian sects.
Government
[edit]Officials
[edit]These are the officials after the local elections of 2022:
Governor: Rosalina "Nene" G. Jalosjos (Nacionalista)
Vice Governor: Julius C. Napigquit (PDP–Laban)
Members of the House of Representatives:
- 1st District: Rep. Roberto T. Uy Jr. (PDP–Laban)
- 2nd District: Rep. Glona G. Labadlabad (PDP–Laban)
- 3rd District: Rep. Adrian Michael "Ian" A. Amatong (LP)
Board Members
[edit]
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Economy
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Zamboanga_del_Norte_Medical_Center.jpg/220px-Zamboanga_del_Norte_Medical_Center.jpg)
About half of the province's land area is devoted to agriculture. Corn, coconut, and rice are the major crops. The province being rich in marine and mineral sources, its fish production has accelerated through the development of fishponds. Commercial fishing has steadily increased through the years, with the yellow fin tuna as the primary species.
In 2006, a study by National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB), found Zamboanga del Norte Province to be the Philippines' poorest province with a poverty incidence rate of 64.6%, an increase from 47% in year 2000 statistical figures.[34]
As of 2015, the province's poverty incidence has dropped to 51.6% (ranking 8th).[35] Large foreign mining companies operating within the province such as Canadian company TVI Resource Development and Philex Mining Corp. cause adverse effects to the culture and traditions of the indigenous Subanon and other poor settlers.[36][37][38]
Notable people
[edit]- José Rizal - national hero who was exiled in Dapitan by the Spanish colonial authorities
- Martha Cecilia - Filipino writer of Tagalog romance pocketbook novels
- Gazini Ganados - Filipino fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder who became Binibining Pilipinas 2019 Universe and part of Top 20 of Miss Universe 2019
- Theodore Boborol - A renowned film and television director in the Philippines
- Matias Castillon Ranillo Sr. - governor of the undivided Province of Zamboanga (1937–1940) and Lone District Congressman of the same province (1941–1946)
- Roseller Barinaga - former Undersecretary for Mindanao of the National Anti-Poverty Commission (2017 - 2018), former Congressman of 2nd District of Zamboanga del Norte (1998 - 2007), former City Mayor (1978 - 1986; 1988 - 1998) and Vice Mayor of Dipolog (1970 - 1978)
- Roberto Uy - Governor of Zamboanga del Norte[39][40] (2013–Present); former City Mayor of Dipolog (1998 - 2007)
- Zorro Aguilar - lawyer, activist, newspaper editor, and martial law victim.
- Amatong family
- Jacobo Amatong - lawyer, editor-publisher for Mindanao Observer, former city councilor of Dipolog (1971 - his death) and martial law victim.
- Prospero Amatong - former mayor of Nabunturan, Compostela Valley (1980 - 1986); former governor of the provinces of Davao del Norte (1988 - 1998) and Compostela Valley (now Davao de Oro) (3 months in 1998), and former Congressman of 2nd District of Compostela Valley (1998 - 2007)
- Juanita Amatong - educator, banker, and former secretary of the Department of Finance (2003-2005)
- Isagani Amatong - lawyer, Congressman of 3rd District of Zamboanga del Norte (2013–present), former Governor of Zamboanga del Norte (1986 - 1995; 1998 - 2004), and former City Councilor of Dipolog (1984 - 1986)
- Margarito "Gary" Teves[41] - former Congressman of Negros Oriental's 3rd District and former secretary of the Department of Finance (2005-2010)
- Bobby Nalzaro - Cebu-based news anchor for GMA Cebu, radio anchor for Super Radyo Cebu, and newspaper columnist for SunStar Cebu
- Jerry Barbaso - Filipino footballer who last played as a defender for Ceres–Negros F.C. in the Philippines Football League, and Philippines national football team
- Eddie Laure - Filipino former professional basketball player (1998 - 2016), and basketball coach (assistant coach for UST Tigresses in UAAP since 2016, and Biñan City Heroes in MPBL since 2018)[42]
- Chico Alicaya - Pinoy Big Brother: Connect contestant from Dipolog City but represented Cebu who fell short for Big Four.[43][44]
- Kobie Brown[45] - a Filipino-British actor from Dipolog who competed at Pinoy Big Brother: Connect and won 3rd big placer representing Parañaque.[46][47]
- Violeta Bayawa[48] - Tawag ng Tanghalan: Year 3 contestant and 9th Placer
- KC Falcasantos[49] - Miss Philippines Earth 2023 candidate representing Dipolog and finished as a runner-up while bagging the gold medal for Best in Cultural Attire which is one of the major special awards of the said pageant.[50]
- Marie Razel Eguia - Miss Philippines Earth 2008 contestant representing Dipolog and crowned Miss Philippines Air (1st Runner-Up) in the same competition
- Rache Santos[51] - Miss Philippines Earth 2022 contestant representing Dipolog and finished top 20 finalist in the same competition
- Rene Mark Cuarto - Professional Boxer
- Adolfo Sevilla Azcuna - Philippine Judicial Academy (PHILJA) Chancellor (since June 1, 2009) and the 153rd Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (October 24, 2002 – February 15, 2009).
- Eddie Laure
- Resil Mojares - Cebu City-based historian and literary critic; National Artist of the Philippines for Literature[52]
- Pinpin Uy
- Most Rev. Severo Caermare, D.D. - bishop of Dipolog
- Junrey Balawing - former Filipino record holder for the world's shortest man alive[53]
- General Alexander B. Yano - 38th Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines[54]
- Feliz Clareianne Thea Recentes - Miss Philippines Air 2024
- Jonathan "Lightning" Taconing - Filipino boxer
References
[edit]- ^ a b "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Archived from the original on May 18, 2001. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
- ^ a b c Census of Population (2020). "Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ^ "Republic Act No. 711 - An Act to Create The Provinces of Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
- ^ See "History of the Philippines: From Indios Bravos to Filipinos" By Luis H. Francia|[1] Link to page in the referenced book
- ^ For an in-depth survey of indigenous peoples and forced land seizures in the Philippines, see [2] Cultural Survival Quarterly.
- ^ The Bangsamoro Struggle for Self-Determintation: A Case Study (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 15, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2020 – via manoa.hawaii.edu.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
MackerrasMackerras2003
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ George, T. J. S. (1980). Revolt in Mindanao : the rise of Islam in Philippine politics. Kuala Lumpur. ISBN 0-19-580429-5. OCLC 6569089.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Rodis
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Miclat, Gus (2002). "Our Lives Were Never the Same Again". In Arguillas, Carolyn O. (ed.). Turning Rage Into Courage: Mindanao Under Martial Law. MindaNews Publications, Mindanao News and Information Cooperative Center. OCLC 644320116.
- ^ "Alfred McCoy, Dark Legacy: Human rights under the Marcos regime". Ateneo de Manila University. September 20, 1999.
- ^ Abinales, P.N.; Amoroso, Donna J. (2005). State and society in the Philippines. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-0742510234. OCLC 57452454.
- ^ "Gone too soon: 7 youth leaders killed under Martial Law". Rappler. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
- ^ a b "HEROES AND MARTYRS: AGUILAR, Zorro C." Bantayog ng mga Bayani. 2015-10-09. Retrieved 2021-02-22.
- ^ La Viña, Tony (September 22, 2015). "Lesser known, just as heroic". Manila Standard. Archived from the original on 2021-02-08. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
- ^ "Judges under the gun". Archived from the original on 2021-02-08. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
- ^ "Martyrs and Heroes: Leo Alto". Bantayog ng mga Bayani. 2023-05-25. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
- ^ Isagani S. Amatong (February 14, 2017). "House Bill No. 5040: An Act Creating the Province of Zamboanga Hermosa from the Province of Zamboanga Del Norte" (PDF). www.congress.gov.ph. Republic of the Philippines - House of Representatives. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^ "Seventeenth Congress First Regular Session 2016 - 2017" (PDF). Journal of the House of Representatives. 73. Journal Service Plenary Affairs Bureau. February 21, 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^ House of Representatives. "House Bill No 9311" (PDF). Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "Province: Zamboanga del Norte". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
- ^ "Weather forecast for Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines". Storm247.com. Bergen, Norway: StormGeo AS. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
- ^ a b Census of Population (2015). "Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
- ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
- ^ "Philippines Census Of Population of all LGUs 1903-2007". archive.org. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
- ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 November 2005.
- ^ "2009 Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 8 February 2011.
- ^ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 27 August 2016.
- ^ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 27 August 2016.
- ^ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 27 August 2016.
- ^ "Updated Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2015 and 2018". Philippine Statistics Authority. 4 June 2020.
- ^ "2021 Full Year Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 August 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ "Ten poorest provinces in 2003". Press Release. Makati, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. 6 June 2006. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ "Philippine Statistics Authority | Republic of the Philippines". openstat.psa.gov.ph. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
- ^ Olchondra, Riza T. (1 November 2011). "Open pit mine ban to hit TVI projects, Philex plan in Zamboanga Norte". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
Zamboanga del Norte has issued an ordinance banning open-pit mining in the province, threatening projects of mining firms operating in the area, such as those of TVI Resource Development.
- ^ Fiel, Tito N. (12 November 2011). "Zamboanga del Norte ban on open-pit mining stands". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Inquirer Mindanao. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
The provincial government of Zamboanga del Norte stands fast on its ban on open-pit mining and will fight in court the Canadian-mining company TVI Resources' efforts to have the ordinance declared unconstitutional.
- ^ "TVI Pacific closes Zamboanga mine". ABS-CBN News. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
- ^ "Zamboanga del Norte replaces a dynasty with another dynasty". Rappler.com. May 15, 2013. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
- ^ Rappler.com (May 19, 2019). "Uy retains governorship of Zamboanga del Norte". Rappler. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
- ^ Gary B. Teves resume
- ^ Terrado, Reuben (November 27, 2016). "Eddie Laure finally steps away from PBA at 39, focuses on new role as coach". Sports Interactive Network Philippines. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ^ "Pinoy Big Brother PBB Connect 2020: how to audition, schedule". The Summit Express. October 18, 2020.
- ^ "'PBB Connect': Chico ends journey as housemate". ABS CBN News. ABS-CBN Corporation. March 7, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
- ^ Bardinas, Mary Ann (March 22, 2021). "PBB Connect Housemates Chico at Kobie, nalamang mag-pinsan pala sila sa kanilang paglabas sa outside world". ABS CBN Entertainment. ABS-CBN Corporation. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
- ^ People's Journal (May 16, 2021). "The Squad Plus welcomes PBB Connect's Kodrea and Hairon". Journal Online. Philippines Journalists, Inc.
- ^ "The Big Night: Kobie Brown hailed as 3rd Big Placer". ABS CBN Entertainment. ABS-CBN Corporation. March 14, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
- ^ Bardinas, Mary Ann (September 11, 2019). "70-year-old Violeta Bayawa's wait for "one great love" sparks remarkable TNT journey". ABS-CBN Entertainment. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
- ^ Custodio, Arlo (April 5, 2023). "29 candidates vie for Miss PH-Earth 2023". The Manila Times. Manila Times. Retrieved April 29, 2023.
- ^ Antonio, Josiah (April 29, 2023). "Laguna bet Yllana Marie Aduana wins Miss Philippines Earth 2023". ABS CBN News. ABS-CBN. Retrieved April 29, 2023.
- ^ Damaual, Mario (July 16, 2022). "Miss PH Earth names top 20 candidates". ABS CBN News. ABS-CBN Corporation. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
- ^ "Order of National Artists: Resil B. Mojares". National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ Everett Rosenfeld (June 14, 2011). "New 'World's Shortest Man' Celebrates Birthday, World Record". Time.com. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
- ^ "Gen. Yano to keynote ABCollege's 70th Foundation Day celebration". Andres Bonifacio College.
External links
[edit]Media related to Zamboanga del Norte at Wikimedia Commons
Geographic data related to Zamboanga del Norte at OpenStreetMap
- Old website of the Province of Zamboanga del Norte
- Daily Zamboanga Times