Angeles City
Angeles City | |
---|---|
City of Angeles | |
Clockwise from top: Angeles City skyline; Museo ning Angeles; Fort Stotsenburg; Holy Rosary Parish Church; Clark Veterans Cemetery; and Philippine International Hot Air Balloon Fiesta | |
Nickname: City of Angels | |
Motto: Kapampangan: "Sulagpo Ta Na!" | |
Anthem: Himno ning Angeles (Angeles Hymn) | |
![]() Map of Central Luzon with Angeles City highlighted | |
Location within the Philippines | |
Coordinates: 15°08′50″N 120°35′05″E / 15.147181°N 120.584733°E | |
Country | Philippines |
Region | Central Luzon |
Province | Pampanga (geographically only) |
District | 1st district |
Settled | 1796 |
Chartered | December 8, 1829 |
Cityhood | January 1, 1964 |
Highly urbanized city | October 13, 1986 |
Barangays | 33 (see Barangays) |
Government | |
• Type | Sangguniang Panlungsod |
• Mayor | Carmelo G. Lazatin Jr. |
• Vice Mayor | Maria Vicenta L. Vega |
• Representative | Carmelo B. Lazatin II |
• Councilors | List
|
• Electorate | 205,822 voters (2022) |
Area | |
• Highly urbanized city | 106.27 km2 (41.03 sq mi) |
Elevation | 146 m (479 ft) |
Highest elevation | 604 m (1,982 ft) |
Lowest elevation | 32 m (105 ft) |
Population (2020 census)[3] | |
• Highly urbanized city | 462,928 |
• Density | 4,400/km2 (11,000/sq mi) |
• Metro | 1,834,563 |
• Households | 116,343 |
Demonyms | Angeleños (Male) Angeleñas (Female) Angeleneans |
Economy | |
• Income class | 1st city income class |
• Poverty incidence | 1.50 |
• Revenue | ₱ 2,606 million (2020) |
• Assets | ₱ 6,732 million (2020) |
• Expenditure | ₱ 2,158 million (2020) |
• Liabilities | ₱ 2,152 million (2020) |
Service provider | |
• Electricity | Angeles Electric Corporation (AEC) |
Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
ZIP code | 2009, 2024 (Balibago), 2023 (portions under Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone) |
PSGC | |
IDD : area code | +63 (0)45 |
Native languages | Kapampangan Tagalog |
Website | angelescity |
Angeles (locally [ˈaŋhɛlɛs]), officially the City of Angeles (Kapampangan: Ciudad/Lakanbalen ning Angeles; Filipino: Lungsod ng Angeles), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 462,928 people.[3]
While Angeles City is politically independent from the province of Pampanga, it is usually grouped with it for statistical purposes by the Philippine Statistics Authority and also it is the largest city of that province.
Angeles City is the urban core of Metro Clark,[5] an urban area in Pampanga. This area, also known as Metro Angeles, is considered the industrial and residential heartland of Central Luzon.[6] Metro Clark Angeles is also identified as a regional center by the national government.[5]
Etymology
The name Ángeles is derived from the Spanish El Pueblo de los Ángeles ("The Town of the Angels") in honour of its patron saints, Los Santos Ángeles Custodios (Holy Guardian Angels), and the name of its founder, Don Ángel Pantaleón de Miranda.[citation needed]
History
This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2015) |
Spanish colonial era
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Don_Angel_Pantaleon_De_Miranda_House_%28Santo_Rosario_Street%2C_Angeles%2C_Pampanga%3B_05-27-2023%29.jpg/220px-Don_Angel_Pantaleon_De_Miranda_House_%28Santo_Rosario_Street%2C_Angeles%2C_Pampanga%3B_05-27-2023%29.jpg)
In 1796, the gobernadorcillo or town head of San Fernando, Don Ángel Pantaleón de Miranda, and his wife, Doña Rosalía de Jesús, along with some followers, staked out a new settlement, which they named Culiát because of the abundance of vines (Gnetum indicum)[7] of that name in the area. The new settlers cleared the woodland and cultivated the area for rice and sugar farming. Don Ángel built his first house with light materials at the northwest corner of the intersection of Sapang Balen and the road going towards the town of Porac. It was later donated to the Catholic Church and became a cemetery called "Campo Santong Matua" (today the site of Nepomuceno Coliseum).[8]
On May 12, 1812, the new settlers tried to make Culiat a self-governing town but the friars resisted the move, led by Fray José Pometa. Ten years later, on February 11, 1822, Don Ángel filed a petition for the township of Culiat to secede from San Fernando, but it was denied. This was followed by another petition within the same year, jointly signed by Don Ángel, his son-in-law, Mariano Henson, and the latter's father, Severino Henson. He donated 35 hectares for the construction of the first Catholic church, a convent and a primary school while Doña Agustina Henson de Nepomuceno, the niece of who would become the first gobernadorcillo of Angeles in 1830, Don Ciriaco de Miranda, gave land for the new public market. Don Ángel paid the complete amount required by law just for the secession of Culiat from San Fernando. There were only 160 taxpayers then but the law required that it should have at least 500 taxpayers.[9]
Located some 10 miles (16 km) north of Pampanga's capital, Culiat became a barrio of San Fernando for 33 years and on December 8, 1829, became a separate municipality. The newly-autonomous town was renamed "El Pueblo de los Ángeles" in honor of its patron saints, the Holy Angels, and the name of its founder, Don Ángel, coinciding with the rise of new barrios such as Santo Cristo (as the población or town proper), Cutcut, Pampang and Pulong Anunas. The progressive barrios developed some new industries like a sugar mill and a wine distillery. The transition of Angeles from a jungle clearing to a barrio, to a town and finally to a city took 168 years and in all that time, it survived locusts' infestations, wars, epidemics, volcanic eruptions and typhoons to become one of the fast rising towns in the country. When it received its first official municipal charter, the town contained some 661 people, 151 houses and an area of 38.65 km2.[10][11]
On May 7, 1899, General Emilio Aguinaldo transferred the seat of the First Philippine Republic to Angeles. It then became the site of celebrations for the first anniversary of Philippine independence, which was proclaimed a year earlier in Kawit, Cavite. Events included a parade, led by the youngest ever Filipino generals, Gregorio del Pilar and Manuel Tinio, with General Aguinaldo viewing the proceedings from the Pamintuan Residence, which was the Presidential Palace from May to July 1899 (and later was the Central Bank of the Philippines office in Central Luzon, before its ownership passed to the National Historical Commission of the Philippines). Aguinaldo's sojourn was short, however, for in July of this same year he transferred his government to the province of Tarlac following Angeles' occupation by the American forces.[12]
American invasion era
On August 10, 1899, U.S. forces began the attack on Angeles confident in capturing it in a few days. However, the Filipino Army defending the town refused to give in so easily and fiercely fought back and for three months, they battled the Americans in and around the town. It was only after the battle on November 5, 1899, that the town finally fell into American hands. The Battle of Angeles was considered to be the longest in the history of the Filipino-American War in Pampanga. This led to the establishment of an American camp in Barrio Talimundoc (in what is now Lourdes Sur), located next to the railroad station, in order to establish control over the central plains of Luzon. In January 1900, General Frederick D. Grant organized the first U.S. Civil Government in Angeles by appointing an alcalde or municipal mayor, beginning American rule over Angeles.[13]
In 1902, the United States Army studied relocating their post from Barrio Talimundoc to a fertile plain in Barrio Sapang Bato, which supposedly had better grass for their horses. A year after that, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt signed an executive order on September 1, establishing 7,700 acres (31 km2) of land in Sapang Bato as Fort Stotsenburg (which later would expand to 156,204 acres (632.14 km2) in 1908 to become Clark Air Base). It was centered on what would in later years become Clark Air Base's parade ground.[14]
The Americans quickly commandeered Holy Rosary Parish Church and converted it into an army hospital, with the choir loft served as a dental clinic. The convento, which now houses Holy Family Academy, was the barracks for medical officers and enlisted men. The sacristy was the only portion where Angeleños could hear Mass. When the Americans finally vacated the church in 1904 and relocated to Fort Stotsenburg, parish priest Rev. Vicente Lapus listed a total of US$638 for portions of the church destroyed, looted church items and treasures, and arrears on rentals.
World War II
Hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan attacked the Philippines, targeting the American military presence, as well as the Philippine Army, and taking over the civilian government. During the Japanese occupation in the country, 57,000 Filipino and American prisoners of war passed the town of Angeles. They were forced to join the Bataan Death March, going to Camp O'Donnell in Capas, Tarlac. Angeleños showed their sympathy by handing them food, milk, boiled eggs, rice cakes, cigarettes, and water. Angeleños followed them up to the train station in Dau railway station in Mabalacat to give moral and spiritual support, and even helped the escapees.
War historians considered the bombing of Fort Stotsenburg on December 8, 1941, at 12:30 p.m. as one of the most destructive air raids in World War II, because almost all the American war planes were wrecked on the ground. In thirty minutes, the air might of the United States in the Far East was completely destroyed.
On the early morning of New Year's Day 1942, the first Japanese troops entered Angeles; they would occupy it until January 1945. During the Japanese invasion, another type of local government was set up on January 22, 1942. During the Japanese occupation, Clark Air Base then became a major center for staging Japanese air operations. Japanese aircraft flying out of Clark participated in the Battle of Leyte Gulf, considered to be the largest naval battle of the Second World War and possibly the largest naval battle in history.[15][16]
Clark Air Base was recaptured by the Americans in January 1945, after three months of fierce fighting in the Philippines. After three years of atrocities committed by Japanese forces, the town and the rest of the Philippines were finally liberated by the combined United States and Philippine Commonwealth troops in 1945. The building of the general headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary was situated in Angeles from January 1945 to June 1946, during and after World War II.
Philippine independence
Cityhood
After World War II, the Philippines gained independence from the United States on July 4, 1946, but then would be tied to a neo-colonial relationship. The "Treaty of General Relations" signed on independence day itself signified the Americans' withdrawal and surrender of possession, control and sovereignty over the Philippines, except the use of their bases. It was followed by the Philippine-American Military Bases Agreement on March 14, 1947, allowing the U.S. to maintain territorial integrity and sovereignty over Clark Air Base and Subic Naval Base for the next 44 years. Clark occupied 63,103 hectares and served as the tactical operational U.S. air force installation in the entire Southeast Asian region that had the capacity to accommodate the U.S. military transport planes, which served the entire Western Pacific.
Through the years, although Fort Stotsenburg continued to expand to become what would eventually be known as Clark Air Base, Angeles, despite its proximity to the American camp, did not progress fast and remained fairly small until the end of World War II. It was finally inaugurated on January 1, 1964, as a chartered city under Republic Act No. 3700 and then proceeded to enter a period of tremendous growth that resulted in its present position as the "Premier City in Central Luzon." It was through Mayor Rafael del Rosario's brainchild that Angeles became a city. He gained the distinction of being the last municipal mayor of Angeles. He was assisted in the preparation of the City Chapter by Attorney Enrique Tayag, a prominent resident of the town. Congresswoman Juanita L. Nepomuceno of the first district of Pampanga sponsored the bill in Congress, which was approved by then President Diosdado Macapagal, the ninth Philippine president and a native of the province of Pampanga.[17]
Mount Pinatubo eruption and Angeles today
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Collapsed_hangars_at_Clark_Air_Base.jpg/220px-Collapsed_hangars_at_Clark_Air_Base.jpg)
On June 15, 1991, Angeles was affected by the cataclysmic eruption of nearby Mount Pinatubo, with up to 60,000 people being evacuated from the city. It was the second-largest volcanic eruption of the twentieth century and, by far, the largest eruption to affect a densely populated area. The province of Pampanga, Clark specifically, was badly hit and the agricultural lands, as well as other businesses, were covered by tons of lahar.[18] There were no casualties reported inside Clark two days from the initial eruption because the 18,000 personnel and their families were transported to Guam and the Subic Naval Base in Zambales.
The eruption of Mount Pinatubo forced the leadership of the U.S. to prematurely abandon its military installation at Clark Air Base. This was in addition to a vote by the Philippine Senate in 1991 to no longer extend the Laurel–Langley Agreement, which allowed the presence of U.S. military forces on Philippine territory, thus ending the long chapter of Filipino-American relations in the history of Angeles. The U.S. military never returned to Clark, turning over the damaged base to the Philippine government on November 26, 1991[19][20][21]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/MacArthur_Highway_Angeles_City%2C_Pampanga.jpg/220px-MacArthur_Highway_Angeles_City%2C_Pampanga.jpg)
In 1993, cleanup and removal of volcanic ash deposits began. The former base re-emerged as Clark Special Economic Zone (CSEZ) approved by then President Fidel V. Ramos on April 3 of the same year. The airfield infrastructure was improved and destined to be the premiere airport in the country in the next five years and one of the most modern in Asia.[22] The creation of CSEZ has helped to offset the loss of income and jobs previously generated by the presence of the U.S. base. Today, Angeles and Clark together form the hub for business, industry, aviation and tourism, as well as the entertainment and gaming center of Central Luzon.[23]
Among the draws for tourists is the local dish sisig which according to the Center for Kapampangan Studies, originated in this Angeles and has been on the menu since the 1730s. Pampanga is well known as the culinary center of the Philippines.[24][25][26]
In 2018, Angeles applied to be a UNESCO Creative City, while it also applied sisig into the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The applications are currently being processed by UNESCO.[27]
A recent racial study showed that Angeles City, Pampanga; alongside Manila; and Olongapo, Zambales; was the locations of several concentrations of 250,000 Amerasians (Mixed American-Asians) who were born as a result of the American colonization of the Philippines and the presence of US bases in the country.[28][29]
Geography
It is bordered by Mabalacat to the north, Mexico to the east, San Fernando to the southeast, Bacolor to the south, and Porac to the southwest and west. Though the city administers itself autonomously from Pampanga, it is the province's commercial and financial hub.
Angeles is served by Clark International Airport in Clark Freeport Zone.[30]
Angeles is 83 kilometres (52 mi) from Manila and 17 kilometres (11 mi) from the provincial capital, San Fernando.
Climate
Climate data for Angeles City (Clark International Airport) 1997–2020, extremes 1997–2020 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 33.5 (92.3) |
34.9 (94.8) |
36.5 (97.7) |
37.1 (98.8) |
38.3 (100.9) |
37.5 (99.5) |
36.0 (96.8) |
35.4 (95.7) |
35.1 (95.2) |
34.2 (93.6) |
34.0 (93.2) |
34.0 (93.2) |
38.3 (100.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.0 (86.0) |
30.9 (87.6) |
32.5 (90.5) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.3 (91.9) |
31.9 (89.4) |
30.8 (87.4) |
30.3 (86.5) |
30.8 (87.4) |
31.2 (88.2) |
31.1 (88.0) |
30.4 (86.7) |
31.4 (88.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.5 (77.9) |
26.0 (78.8) |
27.5 (81.5) |
28.9 (84.0) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.0 (82.4) |
27.3 (81.1) |
27.0 (80.6) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.3 (81.1) |
27.0 (80.6) |
26.3 (79.3) |
27.2 (81.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.0 (69.8) |
21.1 (70.0) |
22.4 (72.3) |
23.8 (74.8) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.1 (71.8) |
23.0 (73.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | 15.8 (60.4) |
16.9 (62.4) |
17.9 (64.2) |
19.5 (67.1) |
19.8 (67.6) |
20.8 (69.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
21.7 (71.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
18.1 (64.6) |
17.4 (63.3) |
17.0 (62.6) |
15.8 (60.4) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 13.6 (0.54) |
16.3 (0.64) |
52.5 (2.07) |
60.6 (2.39) |
196.1 (7.72) |
254.1 (10.00) |
514.6 (20.26) |
695.1 (27.37) |
305.5 (12.03) |
201.6 (7.94) |
97.0 (3.82) |
47.5 (1.87) |
2,454.5 (96.63) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 13 | 16 | 20 | 22 | 18 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 126 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 70 | 68 | 66 | 65 | 74 | 80 | 84 | 86 | 84 | 78 | 75 | 73 | 75 |
Source: PAGASA[31][32] |
Under the Köppen climate classification system, Angeles has a tropical savanna climate that borders on a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Aw/Am). Angeles experiences two distinct seasons: a dry season from November through April, with a wet season from May through October. From 1953 to 1991, the mean daily low was 22.6 °C and the mean daily high was 31.3 °C, with June being warmest and January and February being the coolest. The average annual rainfall is 2026.8 mm. Typhoons tend to approach from the east during the summer and fall. Many damaging storms struck the city, including Typhoon Irma on November 28, 1974 (generally considered to be the strongest one); Typhoon Rita on October 27, 1978; Typhoon Irma (the name was reused) on November 24, 1981; Typhoon Ruby on October 25, 1988; and Typhoon Yunya on June 15, 1991, which coincided with the Mount Pinatubo blast. In July 1972, Central Luzon experienced a month of nearly continuous rain, resulting in ±2,440 millimetres (96 in) falling on the plain around Angeles.
Barangays
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ph_fil_angeles.png/660px-Ph_fil_angeles.png)
Angeles is divided into 33 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
- Agapito del Rosario
- Amsic
- Anunas
- Balibago
- Capaya
- Claro M. Recto
- Cuayan
- Cutcut
- Cutud
- Lourdes North West
- Lourdes Sur (Talimundoc)
- Lourdes Sur East
- Malabañas
- Margot
- Mining
- Ninoy Aquino (Marisol)
- Pampang
- Pandan
- Pulung Cacutud
- Pulung Maragul
- Pulungbulu
- Salapungan
- San Jose
- San Nicolas
- Santa Teresita
- Santa Trinidad
- Santo Cristo
- Santo Domingo
- Santo Rosario (Poblacion)
- Sapalibutad
- Sapangbato
- Tabun
- Virgen Delos Remedios
Anunas
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Korea_Town_of_Angeles_City%2C_Pampanga.jpg/220px-Korea_Town_of_Angeles_City%2C_Pampanga.jpg)
Anunas is the barangay that houses the city's Koreatown, a chain of Korean establishments along the Fil-Am Friendship Highway. Anunas is also identified as one of the growth centers of the city, focusing on light industries such as woodcarving and rattan craft.[33]
Balibago and Malabañas
Balibago is the main entertainment district of Angeles. It contains Casino Filipino Angeles and the famous Fields Avenue tourist belt. The city's biggest mall, SM City Clark, is also situated in Barangay Malabañas.
Pampang and San Nicolas
These two barangays form the main public market district of the city. The Pampang Wet Market, San Nicolas Market, Friday Flea Market (locally referred to as Apu), Jumbo Jenra Angeles, Puregold Angeles, and the Angeles Slaughterhouse are found here. The Pampang Wet Market is the largest and most frequented wet market in the province of Pampanga. It also attracts people from nearby towns. Ospital Ning Angeles (ONA),City College of Angeles, Angeles City National High School are located in Pampang.
Pulung Maragul
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/Marquee_Mall_%28Aniceto_Gueco%2C_Angeles%2C_Pampanga%3B_05-27-2023%29.jpg/220px-Marquee_Mall_%28Aniceto_Gueco%2C_Angeles%2C_Pampanga%3B_05-27-2023%29.jpg)
Pulung Maragul is the barangay that houses the city's government complex, which includes the Angeles City Hall, the Angeles City Hall of Justice, and other government buildings. It is also the location of the Angeles Exit of the North Luzon Expressway and Marquee Mall, Ayala's first mall in Central Luzon. Marquee Place and Marquee Residences later rose in Pulung Maragul as well, next to the mall.
Santo Rosario
Santo Rosario is the poblacion. It is home to most of Angeles' heritage and historical structures such as the Holy Rosary Parish Church, Pamintuan Mansion which is privately owned by Maverick Pamintuan, Bale Herencia, and Museo ning Angeles (former City Hall building). Holy Angel University, Central Luzon's largest university in terms of population,[34] is also located here. Plans of declaring the barangay or parts of it a heritage zone are ongoing.[35]
Sapangbato
Sapangbato is the largest barangay in Angeles in terms of territory, with a total land area of 104,694 sq. meters and a population of 11,262. Located northwest of Angeles near Clark Freeport Zone, it is identified as the barangay in Angeles with the highest elevation of 750 feet above sea level. It is home to Fort Stotsenburg, also known as the Parade Grounds of Clark. apl.de.ap, member of the hip hop group the Black Eyed Peas, hails from Sapangbato. The famous Puning Hot Springs of Barangay Inararo in Porac are accessed through Sitio Target in Sapangbato.
Demographics
Languages
Kapampangan is the predominant language of the city, along with Tagalog. English is also widely spoken. Angeles City is also home to the majority of Chinese Filipinos that live in Pampanga, a large portion of these Chinese Filipinos have Philippine Hokkien or (咱人話) as their main language. [36] Due to the growing Korean population in Angeles City, Korean is also spoken by the Korean expatriates that are residing in Angeles City. [37]
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Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[3][38][39][40][41] |
Religion
The majority of the population of Angeles is Catholic.[citation needed] At least two major festivals associated with the Catholic faith are held in October in the city. Commemorating the victory of the Spanish fleet over the Dutch Navy in 1646, the La Naval Fiesta is celebrated in honor of the Our Lady of La Naval de Manila with adherents believing that her intercession was instrumental to the Spaniards' naval victory.[42] The Apu Fiesta involves devotees from all over Pampanga making a visit to the Apu shrine to venerate the image of Jesus Christ lying in the sepulchre which is believed to be miraculous by believers.[43]
Expatriate and immigrant community
Owing to the presence of the nearby U.S. Clark Air Force Base and consequent Freeport Zone,[44] many Americans chose to permanently settle in the area, particularly in the Balibago district, and thus Angeles became home to a large colony of expatriates. During the American colonial period (1898–1946), more than 800,000 Americans were born in the Philippines, and a large concentration of Filipino mestizos or Filipinos with American ancestry were located in this city.[45][46][47]
Economy
Being home of the former Clark Air Base (once the largest United States military facility outside the continental United States), it was significantly affected by the fallout from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. The economy of Angeles was heavily dependent on the American base at that time.[10]
In 1993, a full cleanup and removal of volcanic ash deposits began and the former U.S. base was transformed into the Clark Special Economic Zone (CSEZ).[22] The creation of CSEZ has helped to offset the loss of income and jobs previously generated by the presence of the U.S. base in the city. Today, Angeles and Clark form the hub for business, industry, aviation, and tourism in the Philippines as well as a leisure, fitness, entertainment and gaming center of Central Luzon.[56]
Angeles is home to an emerging technology industry. Its economy is based also on tourism and gambling. Fields Avenue forms the hub of the night life industry focused in Angeles.[57] With close proximity to an international airport in Clark Freeport, Angeles is visited by foreigners all year round.[58]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Behind_Marquee_Mall.jpg/220px-Behind_Marquee_Mall.jpg)
In the 2000s, the local government of Angeles rebranded the Fields Avenue tourist belt as a high-end destination with fine restaurants and luxury hotels and casinos[59][60] The finishing of roads, such as the Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway, has improved trade and transport.[23][61][62] The project connects the industrial, transport and business hubs of Pampanga, Zambales, Bataan and Tarlac. The project is crucial to bolstering growth in Central Luzon.[63][64]
The city has cottage industries producing rattan furniture, coconuts, and charcoal briquettes. It also has many thriving export businesses in handicrafts, metal crafts, toys, houseware and garments.[65] Apart from the Clark Freeport Zone, industrial areas include the Angeles Livelihood Village and the Angeles City Industrial Estate.[66]
Call centers present are e-Telecare,[67] CyberCity, Sutherland and IRMC. Other American IT industries are major employers as well.[68] The establishment of a number of shopping malls also fueled the city's economy, including SM City Clark, Robinsons Angeles, Jenra Grand Mall, Nepo Mall, Saver's Mall and the Marquee Mall, next to City Hall.[69][70]
Angeles City houses numerous restaurants that are usually located near the malls and mostly in Nepo Quad which was newly renovated to cater the heightened needs of the population.
Culture
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/October_Fest_%28Angeles_City%29.jpg/220px-October_Fest_%28Angeles_City%29.jpg)
The city hosts a street party called the Tigtigan Terakan keng Dalan (lit. 'Music and Dancing on the Streets') every October which features musical performances from both amateur and better-known OPM bands.[71]
The Sisig Festival, locally known as the Sadsaran Qng Angeles, festivities dedicated to the Kapampangan dish sisig, used to be held every December.[72] It was halted in 2008 following the murder of Lucia Cunanan, who was known for promoting the dish. The festival was revived as a one-day fiesta in April 2017 in association with the Department of Tourism.
Tourism
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Angeles_Heritage_District.jpg/220px-Angeles_Heritage_District.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b5/Salakot_Arch_2009.jpg/220px-Salakot_Arch_2009.jpg)
Angeles is promoted as a gastronomy tourist destination and is billed as the "culinary capital" of the Philippines. The city is known as a hub for Kampampangan cuisine as well as for its pork sisig.[73][74] The city also has numerous historically and culturally significant tourist destinations including the Pamintuan Mansion, a heritage house which hosts a history and social studies museum, and the Holy Rosary Church, which is recognized by the National Museum of the Philippines as an Important Cultural Property. Angeles is also situated within the perimeter of the Clark Freeport Zone.[75]
Sex tourism
A consequence of the presence of U.S. bases in the country is the prostitution industry in the city. Since the early days of Clark Air Base, Fields Avenue in Balibago district is an area frequently visited by the U.S. servicemen, has been known as a center for prostitution and sex tourism.[76][77][78][79] A BBC article characterized it as "the centre of the Philippines sex industry" and dubbed it "Sin City."[80] Elsewhere and in later years, Philippine travel publications have described it as the "Entertainment Capital of Central Luzon", "The Filipino Las Vegas", and "Entertainment City."[81][82]
Angeles City Foreign Tourist Arrival reach 443,000 in 2022 Angeles City is the Biggest total number of International Tourist in North and Central Luzon . Mostly are koreans, chinese and Americans
Government
Local government
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b0/Angeles_City_Hall_%28Aniceto_Gueco%2C_Angeles%2C_Pampanga%3B_05-27-2023%29.jpg/220px-Angeles_City_Hall_%28Aniceto_Gueco%2C_Angeles%2C_Pampanga%3B_05-27-2023%29.jpg)
As a highly urbanized city in the Province of Pampanga, government officials in the provincial level are not voted by the electorates of the city. The provincial government have no political jurisdiction over local transactions of the city government. Residents of this city are not allowed to run for provincial level except for congress which the city of Angeles is part of Pampanga's 1st legislative district.
The city of Angeles is governed by a city mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a city council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.
Barangays are also headed by elected officials: Barangay Captain, Barangay Council, whose members are called Barangay Councilors. The barangays have SK federation which represents the barangay, headed by SK chairperson and whose members are called SK councilors. All officials are also elected every three years.
Elected officials
Position | Name |
---|---|
District Representative (1st Legislative District of the Province of Pampanga) |
Carmelo B. Lazatin II |
Chief Executive of the City of Angeles | Mayor Carmelo G. Lazatin Jr. |
Presiding Officer of the City Council of Angeles | Vice Mayor Maria Vicenta L. Vega |
Members of the City Council | Arvin M. Suller |
Joan Crystal J. Aguas | |
Danilo D. Lacson | |
Jesus S. Sangil | |
Marino D. Bañola | |
Alexander P. Indiongco | |
Raco Paolo S. Del Rosario | |
Edgardo G. Pamintuan Jr. | |
Joseph Alfie T. Bonifacio | |
Crisanto G. Cortez |
Congress representation
Angeles belongs to the first legislative district of the province of Pampanga. Currently, the city is represented by Carmelo B. Lazatin II in the house of representatives.
Education
Educational Complex's And Universities
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- Angeles City National High School (ACNHS)
- AIE College
- AMA Computer Learning Center – Angeles
- AMA Computer University – Angeles
- Angeles City National Trade School
- Angeles City Science High School
- Angeles University Foundation
- Asian Institute of College Studies
- Asian Institute of Science and Technology
- Bonifacio V. Romero High School (formerly Epza High School)
- Chevalier School
- City College of Angeles (Pampang)
- Claro M. Recto Information and Communication Technology High School
- Computer System Specialist
- Dr. Clemente N. Dayrit Sr. Memorial High School (formerly RLLMHS Extension) (Lourdes Sur East)
- Gov. Rafael L. Lazatin Integrated School (Samerra Subd, Sapalibutad)
- Holy Angel University
- Holy Family Academy
- J&K International College
- Jocson College
- Mother of Perpetual Help Institute
- NU Clark[83]
- OB Montessori Center (Angeles Branch)
- Rafael L. Lazatin Memorial High School (RLLMHS Main)
- Republic Central Colleges (Lourdes Sur)
- School of the Holy Child
- St. Augustine School of Nursing
- Skill Power Institute
- STI College – Angeles
- Systems Plus College Foundation
Media
in Angeles City, the only Cable TV channel is PEP TV on a cable provider Air Cable Channel 3 SD & 209 in HD. There are three radio stations in the city: UFM 105.5, GVAM 792 and GV 99.1.
Transport
Clark International Airport is near the city; it is served by many passenger and cargo airlines, including some international ones.
List of Accredited Transport Cooperatives as of January 2021:[84]
- Bayanihan Terminal-Industrial Estate 5 Transport Service Cooperative
- Dau Operators and Drivers Transport Cooperative
- Electric Vehicle Operators Transport Service Cooperative
- Gp Elite Transport Service Cooperative
- Manibaug-Angeles Sta.Cruz Jeepney Operators and Drivers Transport Service Cooperative
- Team Byahero Transport Service Cooperative
Notable residents
Sister cities
Angeles has the following sister cities:
Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.[85]
Seo District, Daegu, South Korea[86]
Pattaya, Thailand
Shibuya, Japan
Davao City, Philippines
Cabanatuan, Philippines
San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines[87]
Valenzuela, Philippines[88]
General Santos, Philippines
Baguio, Philippines
Taoyuan, Taiwan
References
- ^ City of Angeles | (DILG)
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- ^ a b "Philippine Development Plan 2015-2022" (PDF). National Economic Development Authority. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
- ^ "Luzon Spatial Development Framework (LSDF) 2015-2045" (PDF). Retrieved November 21, 2023.
- ^ Pavia, Joey (October 11, 2014). "Angeles's 'culiat' vines: Then vanishing, now nurtured | Joey Pavia". BusinessMirror. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
- ^ Angeles City | Philippines Travel Guide Archived July 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "General Tourist info Angeles City – Philippines". Archived from the original on July 17, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
- ^ a b "Tourist information and services on Angeles City Philippines". Tourist Center. Tourist Center Corporation Philippines. Archived from the original on October 15, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
- ^ Camiling, Alejandro S.; Camiling, Teresita Z. "Towns and Barangays of Pampanga". Andro's Kapampangan Page. Andro Camiling. Archived from the original on June 18, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
... per the Year 2000 Census
- ^ "Punch-drunk to fitness". The Philippine Star. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
- ^ Angeles City History Pt. 2 (American Period) | Angeles City Bars | Angeles City Hotels | Forums | Photos | Videos Archived July 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ Morison, Samuel E. (1956). "Leyte, June 1944 – January 1945". History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Vol. XII. Boston: Little & Brown.
- ^ Woodward, C. Vann (1947). The Battle for Leyte Gulf. New York: Macmillan.
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- ^ a b Navales, Reynaldo G. (June 27, 2007). "Clark airport to post millionth int'l passenger". Sun.Star Network Online. Sun.Star Publishing. Archived from the original on June 29, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2007."Mr. Lucio Tan is very excited about the development of Clark as an international airport. Clark will become the premiere airport in the country in the next five years," PAL president Jaime Bautista said.
- ^ a b "Clark Field Special Economic & Freeport Zone, Angeles City, Pampanga Philippines". TravelPH.com. Manila Forwarders Travel and Tours. Archived from the original on November 22, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
- ^ Timbol, Ethel (November 25, 2005). ""MANYAMAN" in pampanga means "delicious... masarap"!". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on October 27, 2007. Retrieved May 19, 2007.
Food donors for this longest buffet ... included Aling Lucing who brought her famous sisig
- ^ "Angeles City". First Filipino Online Travel Access. Kalakbayan Travel Systems, Inc. December 5, 2004. Archived from the original on December 4, 2004. Retrieved May 19, 2007.
The city, and the rest of the Pampanga region, is known as the Culinary Center of the Philippines.
- ^ "'Balikbayan' Donita Rose dines in Pampanga". The Manila Times: Life & Times. The Manila Times. February 28, 2007. Archived from the original on October 28, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
... today Donita Rose visits her hometown Pampanga, the "Culinary Center of the Philippines," on Balikbayan, the program hosted by Drew Arellano on QTV Channel 11.
- ^ "Will UNESCO add sisig to its Intangible Cultural Heritage list?". May 2, 2018.
- ^ "200,000–250,000 or More Military Filipino Amerasians Alive Today in Republic of the Philippines according to USA-RP Joint Research Paper Finding" (PDF). Amerasian Research Network, Ltd. (Press release). November 5, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 1, 2013. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
- ^ Kutschera, P. C.; Caputi, Marie A. (October 2012). "The Case for Categorization of Military Filipino Amerasians as Diaspora" (PDF) (Academic paper presented at 9th International Conference on the Philippines (ICOPHIL-9)). E. Lansing, Mich.: Michigan State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 1, 2013. Retrieved July 11, 2016 – via AmerasianResearch.org.
- ^ Adel, Rosette (May 2, 2022). "Clark International Airport ready to welcome more foreign tourists". Philstar.com. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
- ^ "Clark International Airport Pampanga Climatological Normal Values" (PDF). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 2, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
- ^ "Clark International Airport Pampanga Climatological Extremes" (PDF). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 7, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
- ^ "Korean Town". Angeles City Hotels, Nightlife, Restaurants. October 11, 2015. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
- ^ "The Largest Universities in the Philippines". Adlsu.com. April 2, 2011. Archived from the original on February 9, 2012. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
- ^ "Angeles endeavors heritage zone dev't". Manila Bulletin. January 12, 2012. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
- ^ Wilkinson Daniel Wong Gonzales (2017). "Language contact in the Philippines - The history and ecology from a Chinese Filipino perspective" (PDF). Language Ecology. 1 (2).
- ^ "Korean Town". Angeles City. October 12, 2015.
- ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
- ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region III (Central Luzon)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
- ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Province of Pampanga". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
- ^ "Holy Rosary Catholic Church Angeles City". rcf.usc.edu. Archived from the original on February 18, 2007. Retrieved August 5, 2009.
- ^ "WOW Philippines :: Explore Philippines :: Things to do". Archived from the original on April 28, 2006. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
- ^ "The Bagelboy Club of the Philippines – History of the Bagelboy Club". Thebagelboyclub.com. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
- ^ Beech, Hannah (April 16, 2001). "The Forgotten Angels". Time. Time Inc. Archived from the original on January 23, 2007. Retrieved August 18, 2007.
Some ... live on the streets, surviving on handouts and sniffs of mind-numbing glue. ... [W]hen Clark closed in 1991, everything changed. By the mid-'90s, the town began marketing its nubile wares on the Web... by 1999, the visiting population of Angeles had shifted from young American G.I.s to boozy retirees. The population of unwanted mixed-blood children continued to grow.
- ^ Gernot Mann. "Angeles City, Philippines". Archived from the original on June 10, 2007. Retrieved March 20, 2008.
- ^ "Ten Things to do in the Philippines". Experience Philippines. Department of Tourism. Archived from the original on October 9, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
- ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
- ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
- ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 23, 2009.
- ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
- ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016.
- ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
- ^ "Breaking News: Abaya keen on Clark as main Philippine airport | Business News Philippines". Breakingnews.ph. September 8, 2012. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
- ^ St. Cyr, Peter; Schwartz, Gadi (April 26, 2012). "Angeles City, the second largest sex tourism city in the world". Preda foundation and U.S.Media. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
- ^ "Angeles City | Philippines". Angelesboard.com. Archived from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
- ^ "Clark Freeport Zone, Pampanga, Philippines". Clark Development Corporation. Archived from the original on November 21, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
Your Economic Haven in the Asia Pacific
- ^ "Repackaging Clark" (PDF). Clark Monitor. Clark Clark Development Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
- ^ "Pampanga Travel Information". Asia Travel. AT Reservation Network Pte. Archived from the original on May 24, 2000. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
Pampanga is populated by resourceful hardy folk, who are justifiably proud of their famous Kapampangan cuisine, regarded by many as the best regional food in the Philippines.
- ^ "GlobalPinoy, Travel". GlobalPinoy.com. Archived from the original on May 2, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
- ^ Fabian, Dante M. (October 4, 2005). "Official told to push for Subic-Clark junction in Angeles". Sun.Star Pampanga. Sun.Star Publishing. Archived from the original on October 16, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
- ^ "President Arroyo to lead groundbreaking rites for Subic-Clark-Tarlac expressway". Gov.Ph News. Republic of the Philippines. April 1, 2005. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
- ^ "Things to Do and see in Pampanga..." WOW Philippines. Department of Tourism. Archived from the original on April 28, 2006. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
- ^ "SM opens store in Clark May 12". Positive News Media. Positive News Media – Phil-Canada. April 29, 2005. Retrieved November 22, 2007.[dead link]
- ^ "eTelecare Global (ETEL) Acquires AOL's Customer Care and Technical Support Subsidiary".
- ^ "Ground Broken for TI's $1 Billion Facility in the Philippines". ASM International. Asia Pulse Pte. August 16, 2007. Archived from the original on October 16, 2007. Retrieved November 22, 2007.
- ^ Likha C., Cuevas (May 9, 2007). "ALI to build Makati hotel complex". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on November 7, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
- ^ Salazar, Tessa (July 7, 2007). "Pampanga a new haven for developers". Inquirer.net. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
- ^ Tuazon, Hazel C. (November 30, 2006). "Fun at Tigtigan". The Daily Tribune. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007.
- ^ Calapati, Jimmy. "Angeles City celebrates 4th Sisig Festival". Malaya. Archived from the original on December 16, 2007.
- ^ Supetran, Bernard (December 5, 2020). "35 emerging property hotspots". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
- ^ "Angeles to push gastro-tourism to sustain biz". Manila Standard. September 4, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
- ^ "Your summer getaway spots in Clark". BusinessMirror. May 5, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
- ^ Marks, Kathy (June 28, 2004). "In the clubs of the Filipino sex trade, a former RUC officer is back in business". The Independent. London: Independent News and Media Limited. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007. Retrieved May 15, 2007.
This is the centre of the Philippines sex industry.
- ^ Juvida, Sol F. (October 12, 1997). "Philippines-Children: Scourge of Child Prostitution". Inter Press Service. IPS-Inter Press Service. Archived from the original on May 4, 2003. Retrieved May 15, 2007.
The country's top five spots for child prostitution all have more than their fair share of foreign visitors: Metro Manila, Angeles City, Puerto Galera in Mindoro province, Davao and Cebu.
- ^ Pfitzner, Dr The Bernice (August 14, 1996). "Inquiry into Prostitution, Final Report". Ninth Report of the Social Development Committee of the Parliament of South Australia. President of the Legislative Council and the Speaker of the House of Assembly. pp. 38–39. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved May 15, 2007.
When the Manila local government attempted to close down the sex industry in central Manila, many of the businesses moved to Angeles. (Lauber, 1995, p 2)
- ^ "Country Report: Philippines". The Protection Project. The Protection Project, The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Johns Hopkins University, Washington, D.C. September 27, 2005. Archived from the original (DOC) on October 10, 2007. Retrieved May 15, 2007.
Fields Avenue in Angeles, a seedy city north of Manila, is the center of the sex industry in the Philippines ... The city grew up around the huge U.S. Clark Air Base, and although the base closed in 1992, prostitution is still the only industry in town.
- ^ "UK | Northern Ireland | Far East sex tourists exposed". BBC News. November 4, 2003. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
- ^ Veneracion, Connie (April 21, 2006). "Fontana Resort". houseonahill.net. Archived from the original on December 25, 2010.
Angeles City is popularly known as the "entertainment capital" of Central Luzon
- ^ "Pampanga Travel Tips and Information". flyphilippines.info. Archived from the original on 28 December 2010. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
Today, Angeles City known as the "entertainment city" of Central Luzon lies in a threshold of change after being severely affected by the Base pull out brought about the great eruption of Mt. Pinatubo 1991.
- ^ Flora, Ian Ocampo (February 2, 2023). "National University opens doors in Clark Freeport". Sun Star Pampanga. Sun Star Pampanga. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
- ^ "Accredited Transport Cooperatives as of January 2021" (PDF). Office of Transportation Cooperatives. January 2021.
- ^ "Las Vegas, Angeles City: Sister cities". Today. February 20, 1997. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
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External links
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