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19th United States Congress

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19th United States Congress
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March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1827
Members48 senators
213 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityJackson Men
Senate PresidentJohn C. Calhoun (DR)
House majorityAnti-Jackson
House SpeakerJohn W. Taylor (NR)
Sessions
Special: March 4, 1825 – March 9, 1825
1st: December 5, 1825 – May 22, 1826
2nd: December 4, 1826 – March 3, 1827

The 19th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of John Quincy Adams's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority.

Major events

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Major legislation

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Treaties signed

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Party summary

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The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

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Party
(shading shows control)
Total Vacant
Anti-
Jacksonian

(A)
Jacksonian
(J)
Other
End of previous congress 16[a] 12[b] 20[c] 48 0
Begin 20 25 0 45 3
End 22 26 480
Final voting share 45.8% 54.2% 0.0%
Beginning of next congress 20 27 1 48 0

House of Representatives

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Party
(shading shows control)
Total Vacant
Anti-
Jacksonian

(A)
Jacksonian
(J)
Other
End of previous congress 87[d] 71[e] 55[f] 213 0
Begin 107 106 0 213 0
End 109 104
Final voting share 51.2% 48.8% 0.0%
Beginning of next congress 102 110 0 212 1

Leadership

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President of the Senate
John C. Calhoun
Speaker of the House
John W. Taylor

Senate

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House of Representatives

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Members

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This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and representatives are listed by district.

(J) following a name means the member was of the Jackson faction. (A) that the person was a member of the Adams (anti-Jackson) faction.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

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Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1826/1827; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1828/1829; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1830/1831.

House of Representatives

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Changes in membership

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This count reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

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Senate changes
State
(class)
Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[g]
New Hampshire
(3)
Vacant Seat remained vacant Levi Woodbury (J) Installed March 16, 1825
Connecticut
(3)
Vacant Seat remained vacant Calvin Willey (A) Installed May 4, 1825
New York
(3)
Vacant Seat remained vacant Nathan Sanford (A) Installed January 14, 1826, after resigning as Chancellor of New York
Virginia
(1)
James Barbour (J) Resigned March 7, 1825, after being appointed US Secretary of War John Randolph (J) Appointed December 26, 1825
Mississippi
(1)
David Holmes (J) Resigned September 25, 1825, after being elected Governor of Mississippi Powhatan Ellis (J) Appointed September 28, 1825
Tennessee
(2)
Andrew Jackson (J) Resigned October 14, 1825 Hugh Lawson White (J) Installed October 28, 1825
Rhode Island
(1)
James De Wolf (A) Resigned October 31, 1825 Asher Robbins (A) Appointed October 31, 1825
Maryland
(3)
Edward Lloyd (J) Resigned January 14, 1826, after being elected to the Maryland State Senate Ezekiel F. Chambers (A) Elected January 24, 1826
Alabama
(3)
Henry H. Chambers (J) Died January 24, 1826 Israel Pickens (J) Appointed February 17, 1826
Mississippi
(1)
Powhatan Ellis (J) Successor elected January 28, 1826 Thomas B. Reed (J) Installed January 28, 1826
South Carolina
(3)
John Gaillard (J) Died February 26, 1826 William Harper (J) Appointed March 8, 1826
Delaware
(2)
Nicholas Van Dyke (A) Died May 21, 1826 Daniel Rodney (A) Appointed November 8, 1826
Massachusetts
(2)
James Lloyd (A) Resigned May 23, 1826 Nathaniel Silsbee (A) Installed May 31, 1826
New Jersey
(1)
Joseph McIlvaine (A) Died August 19, 1826 Ephraim Bateman(A) Installed November 10, 1826
Alabama
(3)
Israel Pickens (J) Successor elected November 27, 1826 John McKinley (J) Installed November 27, 1826
South Carolina
(3)
William Harper (J) Successor elected November 29, 1826 William Smith (J) Installed November 29, 1826
Delaware
(2)
Daniel Rodney (A) Resigned January 12, 1827, after successor was elected Henry M. Ridgely (J) Installed January 23, 1827

House of Representatives

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  • Replacements: 11
    • Anti-Jackson: 1 seat net gain
    • Jackson: 1 seat net loss
  • Deaths: 5
  • Resignations: 10
  • Contested election: 1
  • Total seats with changes: 16
House changes
District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[g]
Kentucky
3rd
Henry Clay (A) Resigned March 6, 1825, after being appointed US Secretary of State James Clark (A) Seated August 1, 1825
South Carolina
1st
Joel R. Poinsett (J) Resigned March 7, 1825, after being appointed Minister to Mexico William Drayton (J) Seated May 17, 1825
Pennsylvania
16th
James Allison Jr. (J) Resigned August 26, 1825 before the assembling of Congress Robert Orr Jr. (J) Seated October 11, 1825
New York
20th
Egbert Ten Eyck (J) Lost contested election December 15, 1825 Daniel Hugunin Jr. (A) Seated December 15, 1825
Virginia
5th
John Randolph (J) Resigned December 26, 1825, after being appointed to the US Senate George W. Crump (J) Seated January 21, 1826
Maryland
2nd
Joseph Kent (A) Resigned January 6, 1826, after being elected Governor of Maryland John C. Weems (J) Seated February 1, 1826
Pennsylvania
18th
Patrick Farrelly (J) Died January 12, 1826 Thomas H. Sill (A) Seated March 14, 1826
Mississippi
at-large
Christopher Rankin (J) Died March 14, 1826 William Haile (J) Seated July 10, 1826
North Carolina
8th
Willie P. Mangum (J) Resigned March 18, 1826 Daniel L. Barringer (J) Seated December 4, 1826
Pennsylvania
13th
Alexander Thomson (J) Resigned May 1, 1826 Chauncey Forward (J) Seated December 4, 1826
Ohio
10th
David Jennings (A) Resigned May 25, 1826 Thomas Shannon (A) Seated December 4, 1826
Kentucky
5th
James Johnson (J) Died August 13, 1826 Robert L. McHatton (J) Seated December 7, 1826
Pennsylvania
7th
Henry Wilson (J) Died August 14, 1826 Jacob Krebs (J) Seated December 4, 1826
Kentucky
12th
Robert P. Henry (J) Died August 25, 1826 John F. Henry (A) Seated December 11, 1826
Maine
5th
Enoch Lincoln (A) Resigned before September 11, 1826 James W. Ripley (J) Seated September 11, 1826
Pennsylvania
2nd
Joseph Hemphill (J) Resigned before October 10, 1826 Thomas Kittera (A) Seated October 10, 1826

Committees

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Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

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House of Representatives

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Joint committees

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Employees

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Senate

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House of Representatives

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Adams & Clay factions
  2. ^ Jackson faction
  3. ^ Crawford faction
  4. ^ Adams & Clay factions
  5. ^ Jackson faction
  6. ^ Crawford faction
  7. ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

References

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  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
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