The Division Bell
The Division Bell | ||||
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Studio album by | ||||
Released | 28 March 1994 | |||
Recorded | January–December 1993 | |||
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Genre | ||||
Length | 66:23 (CD & 2014 LP) 58:47 (1994 LP) | |||
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Producer | ||||
Pink Floyd chronology | ||||
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Singles from The Division Bell | ||||
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The Division Bell is the fourteenth studio album by the English rock band Pink Floyd, released on 28 March 1994 by EMI Records in the United Kingdom and on 5 April by Columbia Records in the United States.[4]
The second Pink Floyd album recorded without founding member Roger Waters, The Division Bell was written mostly by guitarist and singer David Gilmour and keyboardist Richard Wright. It features Wright's first lead vocal on a Pink Floyd album since The Dark Side of the Moon (1973). Gilmour's fiancée, the novelist Polly Samson, co-wrote many of the lyrics, which deal with themes of communication. It was the last Pink Floyd studio album to be composed of entirely new material, and the last recorded with Wright, who died in 2008.
Recording took place in locations including the band's Britannia Row Studios and Gilmour's houseboat, Astoria. The production team included longtime Pink Floyd collaborators such as producer Bob Ezrin, engineer Andy Jackson, saxophonist Dick Parry and bassist Guy Pratt.
The Division Bell received mixed reviews, but reached number one in more than 10 countries, including the UK and the US. In the US, it was certified double platinum in 1994 and triple platinum in 1999. Pink Floyd promoted it with a tour of the US and Europe; the tour sold more than 5 million tickets and made around $100 million in gross income. A live album and video, Pulse, was released in 1995. Some of the unused material from the Division Bell sessions became part of Pink Floyd's next album, The Endless River (2014).
Recording
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Astoria_%28P%C3%A9niche%29.jpg/220px-Astoria_%28P%C3%A9niche%29.jpg)
In January 1993, guitarist David Gilmour, drummer Nick Mason and keyboardist Richard Wright began improvising new material in sessions at the remodelled Britannia Row Studios. They recruited bassist Guy Pratt, who had joined them on their Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour;[5] according to Mason, Pratt's playing influenced the mood of the music.[6] Without the legal problems that had dogged the production of their 1987 album A Momentary Lapse of Reason, Gilmour was at ease. If he felt the band were making progress, he would record them on a two-track DAT recorder.[7][8] At one point, Gilmour surreptitiously recorded Wright playing, capturing material that formed the basis for three pieces of music.[9]
After about two weeks, the band had around 65 pieces of music. With engineer Andy Jackson and co-producer Bob Ezrin, production moved to Gilmour's houseboat and recording studio, Astoria. The band voted on each track, and whittled the material down to about 27 pieces. Eliminating some tracks, and merging others, they arrived at about 11 songs. Song selection was based upon a system of points, whereby all three members would award marks out of ten to each candidate song, a system skewed by Wright awarding his songs ten points each and the others none.[10] Wright, having resigned under pressure from bassist Roger Waters in 1979, was not contractually a full member of the band, which upset him. Wright reflected: "It came very close to a point where I wasn't going to do the album, because I didn't feel that what we'd agreed was fair."[11] Wright received his first songwriting credits on any Pink Floyd album since 1975's Wish You Were Here.[12]
Gilmour's fiancée, the novelist Polly Samson, also received songwriting credits. Initially, her role was limited to providing encouragement for Gilmour, but she helped him write "High Hopes", a song about Gilmour's childhood in Cambridge. She co-wrote a further six songs, which bothered Ezrin. Gilmour said that Samson's contributions had "ruffled the management's [feathers]", but Ezrin later reflected that her presence had been inspirational for Gilmour, and that she "pulled the whole album together".[13] She also helped Gilmour with the cocaine addiction he had developed following his divorce.[14]
Keyboardist Jon Carin, percussionist Gary Wallis, and backing vocalists including Sam Brown and Momentary Lapse tour singer Durga McBroom were brought in before recording began. The band moved to Olympic Studios and recorded most of the tracks over the space of a week. After a summer break, they returned to Astoria to record more backing tracks. Ezrin worked on the drum sounds, and Pink Floyd collaborator Michael Kamen provided the string arrangements, which were recorded at Abbey Road Studio Two by Steve McLaughlin.[15] Dick Parry played saxophone on his first Pink Floyd album for almost 20 years, on "Wearing the Inside Out", and Chris Thomas created the final mix.[16] Between September and December recording and mixing sessions were held at Metropolis Studios in Chiswick and the Creek Recording Studios in London. In September, Pink Floyd performed at a celebrity charity concert at Cowdray House, in Midhurst.[17] The album was mastered at the Mastering Lab in Los Angeles, by Doug Sax and James Guthrie.[nb 1]
Jackson edited unused material from the Division Bell sessions, described by Mason as ambient music, into an hour-long composition tentatively titled The Big Spliff,[18] but Pink Floyd decided not to release it.[6] Some of The Big Spliff was used to create the band's next album, The Endless River (2014).[19]
Instrumentation
[edit]With the aid of Gilmour's guitar technician, Phil Taylor, Carin located some of Pink Floyd's older keyboards from storage, including a Farfisa organ. Sounds sampled from these instruments were used on "Take It Back" and "Marooned".[20] Additional keyboards were played by Carin, along with Bob Ezrin. Durga McBroom supplied backing vocals alongside Sam Brown, Carol Kenyon, Jackie Sheridan, and Rebecca Leigh-White.[21]
"What Do You Want from Me" is influenced by Chicago blues, and "Poles Apart" contains folksy overtones. Gilmour's improvised guitar solos on "Marooned" used a DigiTech Whammy pedal to pitch-shift the guitar notes over an octave. On "Take It Back", he used a Gibson J-200 guitar through a Zoom effects unit, played with an EBow, an electronic device which produces sounds similar to a bow.[22]
Themes
[edit]The Division Bell deals with themes of communication and the idea that talking can solve many problems.[14] In the Studio radio host Redbeard suggested that the album offers "the very real possibility of transcending it all, through shivering moments of grace".[23] Songs such as "Poles Apart" and "Lost for Words" have been interpreted by fans and critics as references to the estrangement between Pink Floyd and former band member Roger Waters, who left in 1985, however Gilmour denied this and said: "People can invent and relate to a song in their personal ways but it's a little late at this point for us to be conjuring Roger up."[24] The title refers to the division bell rung in the British parliament to announce a vote.[25][nb 2] Drummer Nick Mason said: "It's about people making choices, yeas or nays."[24]
Produced a few years after the collapse of the Eastern Bloc, "A Great Day for Freedom" juxtaposes the general euphoria of the fall of the Berlin Wall with the subsequent wars and ethnic cleansing, particularly in the former Yugoslavia.[26] Audio samples of Stephen Hawking, originally recorded for a BT television advertisement, were used in "Keep Talking";[24][27] Gilmour was so moved by Hawking's sentiment in the advert that he contacted the advertising company for permission to use the recordings.[28] Mason said it felt "politically incorrect to take ideas from advertising but it seemed a very relevant piece".[24] At the end of the album, Gilmour's stepson Charlie is heard hanging up the telephone receiver on Pink Floyd manager Steve O'Rourke, who had pleaded to be allowed to appear on a Pink Floyd album.[29]
Title and packaging
[edit]The album feels much more home-made, very much as a band playing together in one space. I think that Rick in particular felt significantly more integrated in the process this time, compared to Momentary Lapse. It was nice to have him back.
Nick Mason (2005)[30]
To avoid competing against other album releases, as had happened with A Momentary Lapse, Pink Floyd set a deadline of April 1994, at which point they would begin a new tour. By January of that year, however, the band still had not decided on an album title. Titles considered included Pow Wow and Down to Earth. At a dinner one night, writer Douglas Adams, spurred by the promise of a payment to his favourite charity, the Environmental Investigation Agency, suggested The Division Bell, a term which appears in "High Hopes".[31][32]
Pink Floyd's longtime collaborator Storm Thorgerson created the album artwork. He erected two large metal heads, each the height of a double-decker bus, in a field near Stuntney, Cambridgeshire.[33] The sculptures were positioned together and photographed in profile, and can be seen as two faces talking to each other or as a single, third face. Thorgerson said the "third absent face" was a reference to Syd Barrett. The sculptures were devised by Keith Breeden, and constructed by John Robertson. Ely Cathedral is visible on the horizon.[34][35] The pictures were shot in February for optimal lighting conditions.[31] In 2001, the sculptures were in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio.[36] In 2017, they were moved to the London Victoria and Albert Museum for display in a Pink Floyd exhibition.[37] An alternate version of the cover photo, featuring two 7.5-metre (25 ft) stone sculptures by Aden Hynes,[nb 3] was used on the compact cassette release and the tour brochure.[38]
Release and promotion
[edit]On 10 January 1994 a press reception to announce The Division Bell and the tour was held at a former US Naval Air Station in North Carolina, in the US. A purpose-built Skyship 600 airship, manufactured in the UK, toured the US until it returned to Weeksville, and was destroyed by a thunderstorm on 27 June. Pieces of the aircraft were sold as souvenirs. The band held another reception, in the UK, on 21 March. This time they used an A60 airship, translucent, and painted to look like a fish, which took journalists on a tour of London. The airship, which was lit internally so it glowed in the night sky, was also flown in northern Europe.[39]
During the Division Bell tour, an anonymous person using the name Publius posted on an internet newsgroup, inviting fans to solve a riddle supposedly concealed in the album. The message was verified during a show in East Rutherford, where lights in front of the stage spelled out "Enigma Publius". During a televised concert at Earls Court, London, in October 1994, the word "enigma" was projected in large letters on to the backdrop of the stage. The riddle has never been solved.[40][41] Gilmour and Mason later said it was created as a marketing ploy by EMI.[40][41] According to Mason, the prize was to be "a crop of trees planted in a clear-cut area of forest or something to that effect ... a touchy-feely sort of gift that was more of a philanthropic thing than something you could hang on the wall".[40][41]
Sales
[edit]The Division Bell was released in the UK by EMI Records on 28 March 1994,[nb 4] and in the US on 5 April,[nb 5][39] and went straight to number one in both countries.[43] The Division Bell was certified silver and gold in the UK on 1 April 1994, platinum a month later and 2× platinum on 1 October. In the US, it was certified gold and double platinum on 6 June 1994, and triple platinum on 29 January 1999.[44]
In the United States the album debuted at number one in the Billboard 200 during the week of 23 April 1994 selling more than 460,000 units, at the time it was the 12th largest single-week total since Billboard began using SoundScan data in May 1991 and also became the fifth-largest first-week sales sum back then.[45] The next week it stayed at the top of the chart selling a little less than half its first-week total, it moved 226,000 units during its second week on chart.[46] The next week sales slid by 30% from last week's sum selling 157,000 units, despite this sales decrease the album stayed at number one.[47] The following week, on 14 May 1994 The Division Bell remained at number one on the Billboard 200 and sales declined by 17%.[48] In its fifth week, it fell off to the fourth place on the chart. It was present on the Billboard 200 for 53 weeks.[49] It was certified three times platinum by the RIAA on 29 January 1999 for shipments of three million units.[44]
Tour
[edit]Two days after the album's release, the Division Bell Tour began at Joe Robbie Stadium, in suburban Miami. The set list began with 1967's "Astronomy Domine", before moving to tracks from 1987's A Momentary Lapse of Reason, and The Division Bell. Songs from Wish You Were Here and The Wall were featured, as well as the whole Dark Side of the Moon. Backing musicians included Sam Brown, Jon Carin, Claudia Fontaine, Durga McBroom, Dick Parry, Guy Pratt, Tim Renwick, and Gary Wallis. [50][51]
The tour continued in the US through April, May and mid-June, before moving to Canada, and then returning to the US in July. As the tour reached Europe in late July, Waters declined an invitation to join the band, and later expressed his annoyance that Pink Floyd songs were being performed again in large venues. On the first night of the UK leg of the tour on 12 October, a 1,200-capacity stand collapsed, but with no serious injuries; the performance was rescheduled.[50][51]
The tour ended at Earls Court on 29 October 1994, and was Pink Floyd's final concert performance until Live 8 in 2005. Estimates placed the total number of tickets sold at over 5.3 million, and gross income at about $100 million.[52] A live album and video, Pulse, was released in June 1995.[53]
Critical reception
[edit]Review scores | |
---|---|
Source | Rating |
AllMusic | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Entertainment Weekly | D[1] |
Paste | 6.1/10[56] |
PopMatters | 7/10[57] |
Rolling Stone | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Sputnikmusic | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Uncut | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
The Division Bell received mixed reviews. Tom Sinclair of Entertainment Weekly wrote that "avarice is the only conceivable explanation for this glib, vacuous cipher of an album, which is notable primarily for its stomach-turning merger of progressive-rock pomposity and New Age noodling".[1] Rolling Stone's Tom Graves criticised Gilmour's performance, writing that his guitar solos had "settled into rambling, indistinct asides that are as forgettable as they used to be indelible ... Only on 'What Do You Want from Me' does Gilmour sound like he cares".[58] Robert Christgau of The Village Voice dismissed The Division Bell as a "dud."[61]
The album won the Grammy for Best Rock Instrumental Performance on "Marooned".[62] The Division Bell was nominated for the 1995 Brit Award for Best Album by a British Artist,[63] but lost to Blur's Parklife.
In Uncut's 2011 Pink Floyd: The Ultimate Music Guide, Graeme Thomson wrote that The Division Bell "might just be the dark horse of the Floyd canon. The opening triptych of songs is a hugely impressive return to something very close to the eternal essence of Pink Floyd, and much of the rest retains a quiet power and a meditative quality that betrays a genuine sense of unity."[64] In 2014, Uncut reviewed the album again for its 20th-anniversary reissue, and praised its production, writing that it sounded much "more like a classic Pink Floyd album" than The Final Cut (1983) and that the connection between Wright and Gilmour was "the album's musical heart".[60] Roger Waters, who left Pink Floyd in 1985, dismissed The Division Bell as "just rubbish ... nonsense from beginning to end."[65]
Reissues
[edit]The Division Bell was reissued in 2011. It was remastered by Andy Jackson and released as a standalone CD and as part of the Discovery box set. It was reissued again on 30 June 2014, as a "20th anniversary deluxe edition" box set and a 20th anniversary double-LP vinyl reissue. The box set contains the 2011 remaster of the album; a 5.1 surround sound remix by Jackson; 2-LP record on 180g vinyl; a red 7" "Take It Back" single; a clear 7" "High Hopes/Keep Talking" single; a blue, laser-etched 12" "High Hopes" single; book and assorted art cards.[66] The 2014 reissues saw the first release of the full album on vinyl as the 1994 vinyl release saw only edited versions of the songs to keep it to a single LP. The Division Bell was reissued again with the Pink Floyd Records label on 26 August 2016.[67][68] A limited-edition 25th anniversary double-LP was released on 7 June 2019. The reissue is on blue vinyl and uses the two-LP master created for the 20th anniversary vinyl release.[69]
Track listing
[edit]Original release
[edit]All lyrics are written by David Gilmour and Polly Samson, except where noted.
No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | "Cluster One" | instrumental |
| 5:56 |
2. | "What Do You Want from Me" |
| 4:22 | |
3. | "Poles Apart" |
| Gilmour | 7:03 |
4. | "Marooned" | instrumental |
| 5:30 |
5. | "A Great Day for Freedom" | Gilmour | 4:16 | |
6. | "Wearing the Inside Out" | Anthony Moore | Wright | 6:49 |
7. | "Take It Back" |
|
| 6:12 |
8. | "Coming Back to Life" | Gilmour | Gilmour | 6:19 |
9. | "Keep Talking" |
| 6:11 | |
10. | "Lost for Words" | Gilmour | 5:15 | |
11. | "High Hopes" | Gilmour | 8:31 | |
Total length: | 66:23 |
Personnel
[edit]
Pink Floyd
Additional musicians
|
Production
- David Gilmour – production, mixing
- Bob Ezrin – production
- Andrew Jackson – engineering
- Steve McLoughlin – orchestra recording
- Chris Thomas – mixing
- James Guthrie – mastering engineer
- Doug Sax – mastering engineer
- Storm Thorgerson – album art design
- Tony May – photography
- Rupert Truman – photography
- Stephen Piotrowski – photography
- Ian Wright – graphics
- Aubrey Powell – album art design (2014 anniversary edition and 2016 Pink Floyd Records re-issues)
Charts
[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
|
Year-end charts[edit]
|
Certifications and sales
[edit]Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
Argentina (CAPIF)[107] | Platinum | 60,000^ |
Australia (ARIA)[108] | Platinum | 70,000^ |
Austria (IFPI Austria)[109] | Platinum | 50,000* |
Belgium (BEA)[110] | Platinum | 50,000* |
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[111] | Platinum | 250,000* |
Canada (Music Canada)[112] | 4× Platinum | 400,000^ |
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)[113] | Gold | 21,183[113] |
France (SNEP)[114] | 2× Platinum | 600,000* |
Germany (BVMI)[115] | 3× Gold | 750,000^ |
Italy (FIMI)[116] 1994-1995 sales |
5× Platinum | 560,000[117] |
Italy (FIMI)[118] sales since 2009 |
Platinum | 50,000‡ |
Japan (RIAJ)[119] | Gold | 100,000^ |
Netherlands (NVPI)[120] | Platinum | 100,000^ |
New Zealand (RMNZ)[121] | 4× Platinum | 60,000^ |
Norway (IFPI Norway)[122] | 2× Platinum | 100,000* |
Poland (ZPAV)[123] 1994-1996 sales |
Gold | 50,000* |
Poland (ZPAV)[124] 2011 rerelease |
Platinum | 20,000‡ |
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[125] | Platinum | 100,000^ |
Sweden (GLF)[126] | Gold | 50,000^ |
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[127] | 2× Platinum | 100,000^ |
United Kingdom (BPI)[128] | 3× Platinum | 900,000‡ |
United States (RIAA)[130] | 3× Platinum | 3,330,000[129] |
Summaries | ||
Worldwide | — | 7,000,000[131][117] |
* Sales figures based on certification alone. |
References
[edit]Notes
Footnotes
- ^ a b c Sinclair, Tom (22 April 1994), The Division Bell, Entertainment Weekly, archived from the original on 25 September 2012, retrieved 9 January 2010
- ^ April 22, Tom Sinclair Updated; EDT, 1994 at 04:00 AM. "The Division Bell". EW.com. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
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- ^ Blake 2008, p. 356
- ^ a b Mason 2005, p. 315
- ^ Blake 2008, p. 354
- ^ Di Perna 2002, p. 86
- ^ Mason 2005, pp. 314–315
- ^ Mason 2005, pp. 314–321
- ^ Blake 2008, p. 355
- ^ Blake 2008, pp. 354–355
- ^ Blake 2008, pp. 355–356
- ^ a b Blake 2008, p. 365
- ^ Mason 2005, pp. 318–319
- ^ Blake 2008, pp. 356–357
- ^ Povey 2007, p. 257
- ^ "The Return of the Parts of Something: The Making of The Endless River", by Daryl Easlea, Prog October 2014, pp. 38–45
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- ^ Mabbett 1995, pp. 119, 123
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- ^ a b "Pink Floyd" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
- ^ "French album certifications – Pink Floyd – The Division Bell" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
- ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Pink Floyd; 'The Division Bell')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
- ^ "Five Platinum Bells" (PDF). Music & Media. 12 November 1994. p. 1.
- ^ a b "Anche Il Set In Vinile Per Nostalgici". la Repubblica. 26 May 1995. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "Italian album certifications – Pink Floyd – The Division Bell" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 17 June 2019. Select "2019" in the "Anno" drop-down menu. Type "The Division Bell" in the "Filtra" field. Select "Album e Compilation" under "Sezione".
- ^ "Japanese album certifications – Pink Floyd – The Division Bell" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved 28 May 2020. Select 1994年11月 on the drop-down menu
- ^ "Dutch album certifications – Pink Floyd – The Division Bell" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Retrieved 13 September 2018. Enter The Division Bell in the "Artiest of titel" box. Select 1994 in the drop-down menu saying "Alle jaargangen".
- ^ "New Zealand album certifications – Pink Floyd – The Division Bell". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
- ^ "IFPI Norsk platebransje Trofeer 1993–2011" (in Norwegian). IFPI Norway. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
- ^ "Wyróżnienia – Złote płyty CD - Archiwum - Przyznane w 1996 roku" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. 27 February 1996. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ^ "Wyróżnienia – Platynowe płyty CD - Archiwum - Przyznane w 2022 roku" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
- ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (PDF) (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Madrid: Fundación Autor/SGAE. p. 937. ISBN 84-8048-639-2. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
- ^ "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 1987−1998" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2011.
- ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('The Division Bell')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
- ^ "British album certifications – Pink Floyd – The Division Bell". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
- ^ Barnes, Ken (16 February 2007). "Sales questions: Pink Floyd". USA Today. Archived from the original on 18 February 2007. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
- ^ "American album certifications – Pink Floyd – The Division Bell". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
- ^ "Brits around the world – Good news". Billboard. 18 February 1995. p. 48. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
Bibliography
- Blake, Mark (2008), Comfortably Numb—The Inside Story of Pink Floyd, Da Capo, ISBN 978-0-306-81752-6
- Browne, Pat (2001), The guide to United States popular culture, Popular Press, ISBN 978-0-87972-821-2
- Di Perna, Alan (2002), Guitar World Presents Pink Floyd, Hal Leonard Corporation, ISBN 978-0-634-03286-8
- Mabbett, Andy (1995), The Complete Guide to the Music of Pink Floyd, Omnibus Pr, ISBN 978-0-7119-4301-8
- Manning, Toby (2006), The rough guide to Pink Floyd (illustrated ed.), Rough Guides, ISBN 978-1-84353-575-1
- Mason, Nick (2005), Dodd, Philip (ed.), Inside Out: A Personal History of Pink Floyd (Paperback ed.), Phoenix, ISBN 978-0-7538-1906-7
- Povey, Glenn (2007), Echoes, Mind Head Publishing, ISBN 978-0-9554624-0-5
External links
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- The Division Bell at Discogs (list of releases)
- The Division Bell 20th Anniversary Website (archive)