National University of San Marcos

National University of San Marcos

Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Latin: Academia S. Marci Vrbis Regvm in Perv
Former name	Royal and Pontifical University of the City of the Kings of Lima, University of Lima
Motto	Universidad del Perú, Decana de América
Motto in English	University of Peru, Dean of the Americas
Type	Public university
Established	May 12, 1551 (473 years ago)
Founder	Charles I of Spain (founder) Tomás de San Martín (promoter)
Affiliation	National Association of Public Universities of Peru, Association of National Universities of Peru, International Association of Universities, Iberoamerican Association of Postgraduate Universities, Organización Universitaria Interamericana, Red IDi, Association of Universities of Latin America and the Caribbean, Universia, Fudan-Latin America University Consortium, Red Peruana de Universidades Nacionales para la Internacionalización
Endowment	PEN S/. 469,029,428 (FY 2013)
Rector	Jeri Ramón Ruffner
Academic staff	3315 (2017)
Students	37 468 (2020)
Undergraduates	30 866
Postgraduates	6 602
Location	Lima , Peru 12°03′30″S 77°05′00″W
Campus	Urban, 170 acres (69 ha)
Colors	Gold   White   Metallic blue   Magenta
Mascot	Lion
Website	unmsm.edu.pe

The National University of San Marcos (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, UNMSM) is a public research university located in Lima, the capital of Peru. In South America, it is the first officially established (privilege by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) and the oldest continuously operating university in the Americas.

The university started in the general studies that were offered in the convent of the Rosario of the order of Santo Domingo—the current Basilica and Convent of Santo Domingo—in around 1548. Its official foundation was conceived by Fray Thomas de San Martín on May 12, 1551; with the decree of Emperor Charles I of Spain and V of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1571, it acquired the degree of pontifical granted by Pope Pius V, with which it ended up being named the "Royal and Pontifical University of the City of the Kings of Lima". It is also referred to as the "University of Lima" throughout the Viceroyalty.

Throughout its history, the university had a total of four colleges under tutelage: the Colegio Real y Mayor de San Martín and the Colegio Real y Mayor de San Felipe y San Marcos, the Real Colegio de San Carlos—focused on law and letters, derived from the merger of the two previous ones—and the Royal College of San Fernando—focused on medicine and surgery.

The University of San Marcos has passed through several locations, of which it maintains and stands out: the "Casona de San Marcos". Part of the area in the Historic Center of Lima were recognized as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 1988. The University of San Marcos has 66 professional schools, grouped into 20 faculties, and these in turn in 5 academic areas. Through its "Domingo Angulo" historical archive, the university preserves documents and writings. In 2019, the "Colonial Fund and Foundational Documents of the National University of San Marcos: 1551–1852” was incorporated into the UNESCO Memory of the World Register.

History

Oil referring to the founding of the University of San Marcos, officially the first university in Peru and America, and its manager Fray Tomás de San Martín.

Early history

During the General Studies carried out in the cloisters of the Convent of the Rosario of the Order of Santo Domingo—current Basilica and Convento de Santo Domingo—near the Plaza de Armas in Lima in around 1548, the Lima town council would send Fray Tomás de San Martín and Captain Juan Jerónimo de Aliaga to Spain, who obtained the founding order of the university from Charles I of Spain and V of the Holy Roman Empire and Queen Juana I of Castile. The foundation of the Royal University of the City of Kings was officially carried out. The university began to function officially on January 2, 1553.

The chapter house in the Convent of the Rosario of the Dominicans

They asked the Royal Court for compliance with the Royal decree of 1570. The university moved to its second location, near the outskirts of San Marcelo, where the Convent of the Order of Saint Augustine had previously operated. On September 6, 1574, the official name of the university was chosen to be Royal and Pontifical University of San Marcos, and therefore Mark the Evangelist as the patron saint of the University. In 1575, the university changes its establishment again and is located in the old Plaza del Estanque.

The officially named University of San Marcos began its work in the viceregal era with the faculties of Theology and Arts, later the canons of Law and Medicine would be created. On November 27, 1579, the professors asked King Philip II for the institution of jurisdiction that governed the University of Salamanca. In 1581, Viceroy Francisco Álvarez de Toledo authorized clerics and laymen to be elected.

1700s to 1900s

The support for the secularization of the University of San Marcos was given by Viceroy Francisco Álvarez de Toledo. It was also exercised by the rector of the Royal Convictory of San Carlos. Between 1792 and 1811, the amphitheater and medicine chairs began to develop in the Royal Hospital of San Andrés. Both the University of San Marcos and the College of Law and Letters of San Carlos and the College of Medicine of San Fernando began to be watched by the Viceroy because their house professors and students were suspected of envisioning.

The First Constituent Congress of Peru, was chaired by Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza and held in the chapel of the University of San Marcos on September 20, 1822.

The University of San Marcos became part of the current Republic of Peru since its independence in 1821. The First Constituent Congress of Peru was initially chaired by the former rector of the University of San Marcos, Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza; of the 64 constituent deputies, 54 were San Marcos's alumnus and Carolines's. In 1822, the university handed over its collection of 50,000 books to form the National Library of Peru. In 1840, the Colleges of San Carlos and San Fernando are taken over by the University of San Marcos. San Marcos was empowered by the then President Ramón Castilla to approve new universities and control the newly created ones.

During the 1870s, the university moved to the Casona of San Marcos. During the War of the Pacific and specifically during the occupation of Lima by Chilean troops, art and cultural objects and assets were taken from the university in order to be taken to Chile by sea. At the end of the 19th century, the San Fernando Faculty of Medicine, which was located in a building in the old Plaza de Santa Ana, moved to its current location in the Orchard of Mestas. Once the war ended, by law of 1901, it is stated that Peruvian university education corresponds to the National University of San Marcos and the minor universities of Trujillo, Cusco, and Arequipa, which were later joined by the Catholic University of Lima and technical schools.

Modern history

President Augusto Leguía after a speech at the university

At the beginning of the 20th century, university activists promoted a reform within the University of San Marcos. In 1909, the students had participated in protests against the Peruvian dictatorial governments. In 1916, the Federation of Students of Peru (FEP) was established, led mainly by students from San Marcos. The FEP's demands included university reforms such as updating curricula, removing untrained faculty, and eliminating Peruvian government interference in the university. The university educational system was later reorganized and university autonomy was granted.

In 1946, the university's name was made official as the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. In 1951, as a commemoration of the 400th anniversary of the founding of the University of San Marcos, the university acquires a new piece of land to build the new University City, where the Stadium of the University of San Marcos was inaugurated that same year. A ceremony was also held that brought together the rectors of the main Ibero-American universities, who decided to give her the title of "Dean of America". Due to this, the university has retained the names of the University of Peru and the Dean of the Americas.

In 1958, then Vice President Richard Nixon had scheduled a conference at the University of San Marcos as part of his visit to Latin America; however, this did not take place due to the protest of San Marcos, who spoke out against US policy in the region with phrases such as "Nixon, Go Home!". The conference was transferred to the Catholic University of Lima.

In the mid-1960s, several faculties of the university began to move to the Ciudad Universitaria site, where 17 of the 20 faculties are currently located. On September 22, 1984, the current statute of the university was promulgated. It had nearly 40,000 students and more than 4,000 faculty. In 2010, a Nobel Prize was awarded to Mario Vargas Llosa, a students of the University of San Marcos. As a tribute, on March 30, 2011, the university distinguished Vargas Llosa with its highest decoration: the San Marcos Medal of Honor in the degree of Grand Cross. The ceremony was held in the Casona de San Marcos. In 2019, the university awards a doctoral degree based on a thesis written and defended entirely in Quechua.

Einstein to San Marcos
Images
Manuscript in german by Albert Einstein in gratitude to the UNMSM (courtesy: HUJI)
Audio
Audio of Albert Einstein in gratitude to the UNMSM (courtesy: HUJI)

University symbols

Royal Decree in which Emperor Charles V authorized the official creation of the first university in America on May 12, 1551

Since its foundation until 1574, the first official shield showed an image of the Virgen del Rosario, considered the patron saint of the Dominican friars; on the right, a representation of the Pacific Ocean; and below a lime—fruit, referring to the city of Lima. The coat of arms was approved by King Charles I of Spain in 1551. By the end of 1570, after the papal bull of Pius V, the coat of arms was modified, replacing the image of the Virgen del Rosario with that of the new patron of the university, the apostle Saint Mark and the Lion. The colors that were used in that coat of arms are ignored since the documents in the century were only black and white. It was not until 1929 that the colors, blue for the ocean, black or brown for the image of the saint, light blue for the background, and silver for the columns, became used. The second original shield with the image of San Marcos has been the longest-lasting symbol of the university. In 1929, the original colors were officially introduced: blue for the ocean, black or brown for the image of the saint, light blue for the background, and silver for the columns.

Flag of the University of San Marcos; the emblem represents the institution, and the white background represents the variety of academic colors of each faculty.

Flag

UNMSM anthem

Adelante San Marcos glorioso adelante tú siempre estarás, porque nadie ha podido vencerte y jamás nadie te vencerá. (bis)

Es tu nombre un timbre de orgullo Tradición de nobleza y de honor, Siempre grande, siempre limpia tu bandera muy alto estará.

Sanmarquinos unidos por siempre en tan grande y profunda misión, levantemos muy alto la frente Convencidos de nuestro valor.

In ancient manuscripts, it was indicated that the university's official banner was composed of major shields centered on a white background; this description gave rise to the appearance of banners and flags of the university that followed these patterns during the 17th to 19th centuries. Although the use of a white flag with the shield of the university in the center had already been generalized, its use was recently made official through a rectoral resolution on June 14, 2010.

Anthem

The university anthem is regularly performed at special ceremonies and anniversaries of the University of San Marcos, mainly by the University Choir. The lyrics of the anthem were composed by Manuel Tarazona Camacho, and the music by Luis Craff Zevallos. The National University of San Marcos also mentions other symbolic documents for the university. Among them are the Royal Certificate by which King Charles I of Spain authorized the foundation of the university in 1551, and the Quipu found in the Huaca San Marcos.

Administration and organization

Government

Chronological Series of the 214 Rectors of the University of San Marcos

1551–1571

1571–1600

1600–1700

1700–1822

1822–1905

1905–1966

1966–2022

The University of San Marcos was originally governed by clerics of monastic orders; during the Age of Enlightenment, the Bourbon Reforms transformed it into a secular institution, which continues to this day.

The University Assembly is the highest governing body in the university. It is made up of the rector and the two vice-rectors, the deans of the faculties, the director of the graduate school, representatives of the teachers, and representatives of the students—which constitute a third of the total number of members of the assembly—representatives of the graduates, and the president of the Federation of students of the University of San Marcos with the right to speak, without a vote.

Administrative officials of the highest level can attend the assembly when they are required as advisors, without the right to vote. The main attributions of the university assembly are: the modification of the statute of the university, requiring in such a case the majority of its members; approval of the General Plan for the operation of the university and carrying out its evaluation; it is in charge of the election of the rector and vice-rectors.

The University Council is the body in charge of the direction and execution of the university. The representative of the graduates and the president of the Federation of Students have the right to speak, without a vote. Administrative officials of the highest level can attend the council when they are required as advisers, without the right to vote. The powers of the council are: to formulate the general plan for the development and operation of the university, as well as to establish its policies.

The Rectorate is the university's governing body, consisting mainly of the Rector. The rector is the first executive authority of the university, as well as its legal representative and its institutional image. The University of San Marcos has had 216 rectors since its foundation. Its Vice-Rectorate is made up of two vice-rectors: one for undergraduate academics and the other for research and postgraduate. The government and administration of the faculties and schools are in charge of the Deans and the School Directors, respectively. In addition, the postgraduate units of each faculty are in charge of their respective directors, with the Director of the Graduate School as the general director.

Academics

Admission for undergraduate studies is mainly through an entrance examination. Although there are ways to carry out a special exam in the case of transfers, foreigners, first places in schools, and the disabled. The most required type of exam is the one that is carried out twice a year: in March and in September.

In the case of postgraduate studies, admission is made through enrollment. As there are a limited number of vacancies, an admission exam is carried out that is prepared and graded by a special jury according to the area of study to which it is applied. In 2020, after the suspension of the first admission exam on March 12 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and after more than six months of not applying it, the University Council decided to approve the application of the online admission exam, being the first of its kind in the history of the university, on October 2 and 3 of that same year.

Faculties

The University of San Marcos has 20 faculties grouped into 5 academic areas, in which 65 undergraduate programs, 77 master's degrees, and 27 doctorates are offered.

Health Sciences

Interior of the main building of the campus of the Faculty of Medicine "San Fernando"

Faculty of Medicine San Fernando is the Faculty of Human Medicine of the University of San Marcos. It is also called the "San Fernando" Faculty of Medicine. After the creation of the Royal College of Medicine and Surgery of San Fernando in 1811, it was installed as faculty on October 6, 1856, by Cayetano Heredia. In the National Medical Exams in Peru, the "San Fernando" Faculty of Medicine has obtained first place on numerous occasions.

The Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry was started in 1931. It would not be until October 29, 1943, that the law approved the creation of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry. The faculty offers studies of undergraduate, specialization, and postgraduate. The Faculty of Dentistry was created in 1920. In the following year, this institute was incorporated. It has dental clinics.

The National School of Agronomy and the Chorrillos Military School would come together, creating the National School of Veterinary Sciences, which in 1946 would become the current Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. In 1956, the faculty moved to its current location in San Borja. The Faculty of Psychology was created in 1963.

The following table lists the faculties that make up area A, as well as the professional schools that make it up:

Academic area	Faculty	Department	Undergraduate		Postgraduate		Other
			BA/BS	Lic.	MA/MS	Dr./PhD	Dip.	Spec.
Health Sciences	01. Faculty of Human Medicine	01.1. Human Medicine	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		01.2. Obstetrics	✔	✔
		01.3. Nursing	✔	✔
		01.4.1. Medical Technology: Clinical Laboratory and Pathological Anatomy 01.4.2. Medical Technology: Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation 01.4.3. Medical Technology: Radiology 01.4.4. Medical Technology: Occupational Therapy	✔	✔
		01.5. Nutrition	✔	✔
	04. Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry	04.1. Pharmacy and Biochemistry	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		04.2. Food Science	✔	✔
		04.3. Toxicology	✔	✔
	05. Faculty of Dentistry	05.1. Odontology	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
	08. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine	08.1. Veterinary Medicine	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
	18. Faculty of Psychology	18.1. Psychology	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		18.2. Organizational Psychology and Human Management	✔	✔

Basic Sciences

The Basic Sciences area is made up of the following faculties:

Main pavilion of the Faculty of Mathematical Sciences of the National University of San Marcos, it is located within the University City.

• Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (FQIQ): It has its background in the Faculty of Sciences at the University of San Marcos, created on April 7, 1855. On that date, the studies of chemistry in San Marcos were formally started by the Italian doctors Antonio Raimondi and José Eboli. In 1935, the specialty of chemistry was created at the university. In 1946, then President José Luis Bustamante y Rivero promulgated Law 10555, which created the Faculty of Chemistry at the University of San Marcos. On April 24, 1964, the study of chemical engineering was introduced, with which the faculty acquired the current name of Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. It offers studies of undergraduate, specialization, and postgraduate; in its professional schools of chemistry, chemical engineering, and agro-industrial engineering.
• Faculty of Biological Sciences (FCB): It has its background in the creation of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, on August 28, 1861, which included the chair of natural history. On March 15, 1866, it became independent as the Faculty of Sciences; It then included the area of natural history, the subjects of mineralogy, geology, botany, and zoology. The first dean was Antonio Raimondi, an Italian scholar of the natural sciences of Peru. Since the beginning of the 20th century, it has been in charge of the Natural History Museum of Lima and other research institutes. In the middle of the 20th century, there was a reform of the biological sciences study program and the granting of the professional title of biologist was established. It currently offers studies of undergraduate, specialization, and postgraduate; in its professional schools of biological sciences, genetics and biotechnology, and microbiology and parasitology.
• Faculty of Physical Sciences (FCF): The studies of classical physics began in the Faculty of Mathematical Sciences of the University of San Marcos in the middle of the 19th century. However, the study of modern physics was not officially instituted until 1966, with the creation of the Faculty of Physical Sciences. It currently offers studies of undergraduate, specialization, and postgraduate; in their professional schools of physics, and mechanical engineering of fluids. He is in charge of the university's Historical Museum of Physical Sciences and the Institute of Physical Research.
• Faculty of Mathematical Sciences (FCM): The Faculty of Mathematical Sciences began its operation in the year 1850. In 1862 it was called the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, later in 1876 it took the name of the Faculty of Sciences. Renowned scientists and mathematicians such as Federico Villarreal and Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo would emerge from this faculty. At the end of the 20th century, the initiative to create the current National University of Engineering would arise from this faculty. Today, the faculty is called the Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, and it is located in Ciudad Universitaria. It offers studies of: undergraduate, specializations and postgraduate; in their professional schools of: mathematical sciences, statistics, operations research and computational science.

The following table lists the faculties that makeup area B, as well as the professional schools that make it up:

Academic area	Faculty	Department	Undergraduate		Postgraduate		Other
			BA/BS	Lic.	MA/MS	Dr./PhD	Dip.	Spec.
Basic Sciences	07. Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering	07.1. Chemistry	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
	10. Faculty of Biological Sciences	10.1. Biological Sciences	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		10.2. Genetics and Biotechnology	✔	✔
		10.3. Microbiology and Parasitology	✔	✔
	13. Faculty of Physical Sciences	13.1. Physics	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
	14. Faculty of Mathematical Sciences	14.1. Math	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		14.2. Statistics	✔	✔
		14.3. Operative investigation	✔	✔
		14.4. Scientific Computing	✔	✔

Engineering

The Engineering area is made up of the following faculties:

Main pavilion of the Faculty of Industrial Engineering of the National University of San Marcos, it is located within the University City.

• Faculty of Geological, Mining, Metallurgical, and Geographical Engineering (FIGMMG): The teaching of geological engineering began when the specialty of geology was created in 1935, later in 1968 the academic programs of geology and geological engineering were created. In 1971 the academic-professional School of Metallurgical Engineering was created. The School of Mining Engineering was created on November 5, 1980. The School of Geographic Engineering was created the next day, on November 6, 1980. In 1983, the university assembly approved the creation of the Faculty of Geology, Mines, Metallurgy, Geographical Sciences, and Fluid Mechanics, that integrated these professional schools. In 1991 the faculty is restructured and the school of fluid mechanics becomes part of the Faculty of Physical Sciences. In 2009 and 2014, the School of Civil Engineering and the School of Environmental Engineering were created respectively; this being the final conformation of the current Faculty of Geological, Mining, Metallurgical and Geographic Engineering. It currently offers studies of: undergraduate, specialization, and postgraduate; in its professional schools of geological engineering, mining engineering, metallurgical engineering, geographic engineering, civil engineering and environmental engineering.
• Faculty of Industrial Engineering (FII): It has its main antecedent in the industrial engineering academic program, established in 1969. However, this program did not function independently until 1982, the year in which it was separated from the specialties of electronic engineering and fluid mechanics engineering. It would not be until December 7, 1988, that the university assembly would create the current Faculty of Industrial Engineering, the same one that is consolidated in its organization, with the perspective of fully fulfilling the role that corresponds to it according to its study programs. It offers studies of undergraduate, specializations, and postgraduate; in its professional schools of industrial engineering, textile engineering, and occupational health and safety engineering.
• Faculty of Electronic and Electrical Engineering (FIEE): It has its origins in the initial electrical and electronic courses at the Faculty of Physical Sciences. Subsequently, these studies would become independent of the faculty and would jointly constitute a new one, the current Faculty of Electronic and Electrical Engineering of the University of San Marcos. It currently offers studies of undergraduate, specialization, and postgraduate; in their professional schools of electronic engineering, electrical engineering, and telecommunications engineering.
• Faculty of Systems Engineering and Informatics (FISI): Its main antecedent is the School of Computing founded with the collaboration of the French government in the Faculty of Mathematical Sciences in 1969, being the first school of computing, systems, and informatics in Peru. In 1996, these studies became independent with the creation of the academic-professional school of Systems Engineering. On October 30, 2000, by rectory resolution, the Faculty of Systems Engineering and Informatics of the University of San Marcos was created. He is currently in charge of the University's Computer Science Center. It offers studies of undergraduate, specialization, and postgraduate; in its professional schools of systems engineering, and software engineering.

The following table lists the faculties that makeup area C, as well as the professional schools that make it up:

Academic area	Faculty	Department	Undergraduate		Postgraduate		Other
			BA/BS	Lic.	MA/MS	Dr./PhD	Dip.	Spec.
Ingenierías	07. Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering	07.2. Chemical engineering	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		07.3. Agroindustrial engineering	✔	✔
	13. Faculty of Physical Sciences	13.2. Mechanical Engineering of Fluids	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
	16. Faculty of Geological, Mining, Metallurgical, and Geographical Engineering	16.1. Geological Engineering	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		16.2. Geographical Engineering	✔	✔
		16.3. Mining Engineering	✔	✔
		16.4. Metallurgical Engineering	✔	✔
		16.5. Civil Engineering	✔	✔
		16.6. Environmental engineering	✔	✔
	17. Faculty of Industrial Engineering	17.1. Industrial Engineering	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		17.2. Textile Engineering	✔	✔
		17.3. Occupational Health and Safety Engineering	✔	✔
	19. Faculty of Electronic and Electrical Engineering	19.1. Electronic Engineering	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		19.2. Electric engineering	✔	✔
		19.3. Telecommunications Engineering	✔	✔
		19.4. Biomedical engineering	✔	✔
	20. Faculty of Systems Engineering and Informatics	20.1. Systems engineer	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		20.2. Software Engineering	✔	✔

Economics and Management Sciences

Main pavilion of the Faculty of Economic Sciences and the Faculty of Accounting Sciences of the National University of San Marcos, it is located within University City.

The area of Economics and Management Sciences is made up of the following faculties:

• Faculty of Administrative Sciences (FCA): It has its beginnings in the administration studies given at the Faculty of Political and Administrative Sciences, created in 1875. In 1920 the faculty changed its name to the Faculty of Political and Economic Sciences, restructuring its curricular plan. In 1943 it changed its name again to the Faculty of Economic and Commercial Sciences. Around 1960 the faculty had the School of Administrators. In 1984, the creation of an independent faculty for the study of administration was established, which is the current Faculty of Administrative Sciences. The faculty currently offers studies of undergraduate, specialization, and postgraduate; in its professional schools of administration, tourism administration, and international business administration.

Conference on Behavioral Economics in the Hall of Degrees of the Faculty of Economic Sciences of the National University of San Marcos.

• Faculty of Accounting Sciences (FCC): It originates with the accounting studies given at the Faculty of Political and Administrative Sciences, created in 1875. In 1920 the faculty changed its name to the Faculty of Political and Economic Sciences, restructuring its curricular plan. In 1943 it changed its name again to the Faculty of Economic and Commercial Sciences. Around 1960, the faculty had the School of Accountants. In 1984, the creation of an independent faculty for the study of accounting was established, which is the current Faculty of Accounting Sciences of the University of San Marcos. It currently offers studies of undergraduate, specialization, and postgraduate; in its professional schools of accounting, tax management, and business and public auditing.
• Faculty of Economic Sciences (FCE): It has its background in economics studies given at the Faculty of Political and Administrative Sciences, created in 1875. In 1920 the faculty changed its name to the Faculty of Political and Economic Sciences, restructuring its curricular plan. In 1943 it changed its name again to the Faculty of Economic and Commercial Sciences. Around 1960, the faculty had the School of Economists. In 1984, the creation of an independent faculty for the study of economics was established, which is the current Faculty of Economic Sciences. It offers studies of undergraduate, specialization, and postgraduate; in its professional schools of economics, public economics. and international economics.

The following table lists the faculties that makeup area D, as well as the professional schools that make it up:

Academic area	Faculty	Department	Undergraduate		Postgraduate		Other
			BA/BS	Lic.	MA/MS	Dr./PhD	Dip.	Spec.
D: ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES	09. Faculty of Administrative Sciences	09.1. Business Administration	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		09.2. Tourism Administration	✔	✔
		09.3. International Business management	✔	✔
	11. Faculty of Accounting Sciences	11.1. Accounting	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		11.2. Tax management	✔	✔
		11.3. Business and Public Audit	✔	✔
	12. Faculty of Economic Sciences	12.1. Economics	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		12.2. Public Economics	✔	✔
		12.3. International economics	✔	✔

Humanities, and Legal and Social Sciences

The area of Humanities and Legal and Social Sciences is made up of the following faculties:

Main pavilion of the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences of the National University of San Marcos, it is located within the University City.

• Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences (FLCH): It has its antecedents in the founding of the University of San Marcos, when it had the faculties of theology and arts, which would later derive in the Faculty of Letters that would develop its main activities in the Court of Letters of the Casona de San Marcos. In 1854 and under the government of Ramón Castilla, it adopted the name of Faculty of Philosophy and Humanities; In 1876, the title of the Faculty of Letters was returned to him. At the beginning of the 20th century, the faculty changed its name several times to include new programs, until in 1965 the current name of the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences was fixed. It is currently located in the University City. It offers studies of undergraduate, specialization, and postgraduate; in its professional schools of literature, philosophy, linguistics, social communication, art, library and information sciences, dance, and conservation and restoration. The faculty is in charge of various research institutes, museums such as the Museum of Art and the Language Center of the University of San Marcos.
• Faculty of Education (FEDU): It has its antecedents in the chair of Pedagogy dictated at the University of San Marcos from March 18, 1876, with the authorization of the then president of Peru Manuel Pardo y Lavalle. From 1901, the chair of Pedagogy was part of the curriculum of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters as a compulsory course. On December 14, 1925, the Pedagogy section was created in the Faculty of Letters. It would not be until April 24, 1946, that with the promulgation of the University Statute of 1946, the Faculty of Education was created at the University of San Marcos. In 1984, the professional schools that it has today were created. It currently offers studies of undergraduate, specialization, and postgraduate; in its professional schools of education and physical education. Located mainly in the University City, it also has the San Marcos Application College, located in the district of Lince.

Main pavilion of the Faculty of Law and Political Science of the National University of San Marcos, it is located within the University City.

• Faculty of Law and Political Science (FDCP): Its antecedents date back to the founding of the University of San Marcos in 1551, when the Colegio Real Felipe was created within the university for the teaching of law. In 1770, the historic Real Convictorio de San Carlos was founded – merging the existing San Felipe College of Law and the San Martín College of Philosophy and Law. In these cloisters several ideologues of the South American emancipatory feat were formed. During the government of Augusto B. Leguía, the Faculty of Jurisprudence was transformed into the Faculty of Law. On June 28, 1935, a new university statute was issued, in which it was called the Faculty of Law and Political Science as it is known to this day. Currently located in the Ciudad Universitaria, it offers studies of undergraduate, specialization, and postgraduate; in their professional schools of: law and political science. It also has a free legal office at the service of the community.
• Faculty of Social Sciences (FCS): The history of the faculty goes back to the creation of the first chairs of social studies, such as those of history from 1857, that of sociology from 1896, and that of archeology from 1920. In 1969, with the promulgation of the Organic Law of the Peruvian University, the Department of Historical-Social Sciences is created at the University of San Marcos. On September 24, 1984, in accordance with the University Law, a new administrative academic structure was established, creating the Faculty of Social Sciences, grouping the social studies programs taught at the university. Currently located in the University City, it offers studies of undergraduate, specialization, and postgraduate; in their professional schools of history, sociology, anthropology, archaeology, social work and geography. The faculty is in charge of the university's Museum of Archeology and Anthropology.

The following table lists the faculties that makeup area E, as well as the professional schools that make it up:

Academic area	Faculty	Department	Undergraduate		Postgraduate		Other
			BA/BS	Lic.	MA/MS	Dr./PhD	Dip.	Spec.
E: HUMANITIES, AND LEGAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES	03. Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences	03.1. Literature	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		03.2. Philosophy	✔	✔
		03.3. Linguistics	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		03.4. Social Communication	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		03.5. History of Art	✔	✔
		03.6. Librarianship and Information Sciences	✔	✔
		03.7. Dance	✔	✔
		03.8. Conservation and restoration	✔	✔
	06. Faculty of Education	06.1.1. Initial education 06.1.2. Primary education 06.1.3.1. Secondary Education: English and Spanish 06.1.3.2. Secondary Education: Language and Literature 06.1.3.3. Secondary Education: History and Geography 06.1.3.4. Secondary Education: Philosophy, Tutoring and Social Sciences 06.1.3.5. Secondary Education: Mathematics and Physics 06.1.3.6. Secondary Education: Biology and Chemistry	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		06.2. Physical education	✔	✔
	02. Faculty of Law and Political Science	02.1. Law	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		02.2. Politic Science	✔	✔
	15. Faculty of Social Sciences	15.1. History	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		15.2. Sociology	✔	✔
		15.3. Anthropology	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		15.4. Archeology	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		15.5. Social Work	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
		15.6. Geography	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔

Campuses

Since its foundation, the University of San Marcos has passed through five different main locations: From 16th to 19th centuries: the first location was located at the premises of the Convent of Nuestra Señora del Rosario of the Dominican Order; the second one was near the outskirts of San Marcelo, shortly before the Convent of the Order of San Agustín had functioned; the third—since 1575—was in the primitive Plaza del Estanque, the current location of the Congress of Peru.

In the second half of the 19th century, it was moved to the premises of the old Convictorio de San Carlos. In the same way, at the end of the 19th century, the "San Fernando" Faculty of Medicine moved to its permanent location on the current Avenida Grau. Since the mid-1960s, during the government of Manuel Prado, the university began to occupy its main campus, the current Ciudad Universitaria, located between Avenida Universitaria and Avenida Venezuela. The rectory, the Central Library and 17 of the 20 faculties of the university are currently located there.

University city

Aerial view of a large part of the University City of the National University of San Marcos

Since 1966, the University City of the National University of San Marcos, generally known as "University City of Lima" or simply "University City", is the main campus of the National University of San Marcos. In it are located 17 of the 20 faculties of the University of San Marcos, the Central Library, the Stadium of the University of San Marcos, and one of the university residences. In addition, the City includes the archaeological complex of Huaca San Marcos. The university has two residence halls for its two main campuses.

Since 2007, road works have been carried out outside the University City. The works imposed by the former mayor, Luis Castañeda of the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima, were questioned. In 2008, specialists from the National University of Engineering and the CDL-College of Engineers of Peru reformulated the municipal works. The works have been stopped by a precautionary measure from the National Institute of Culture (INC) after verifying that these works damaged part of the cultural heritage in the Huaca San Marcos. In January 2011, the new municipal management deemed that the operation was unnecessary.

Central Library

Exterior view of the Central Library

The "Pedro Zulen" Central Library of the university is a 19,800 m² building. It has a multifunctional stage and 400 seats. The Central Library "Pedro Zulen", under the auspices of UNESCO, leads the initiative to develop digitalization of publications. The library directs the main activity of SISBIB.

Each one of the faculties of the National University of San Marcos has its own library in the study areas of each faculty, these are connected to each other through the Library System (SISBIB) of the university.

Stadium of the University of San Marcos

The Stadium of the National University of San Marcos, officially known as the "Colossus of America", is located in the center of the University City. Its main accesses are through the block 5 of Av. Amézaga and the block 36 of Av. Venezuela. At the local level, it has been the official stadium of the university soccer team, Club Deportivo Universidad San Marcos, which played until 2011 in the Second Division of Peru.

It was inaugurated in 1951 commemorating the 400th anniversary of the founding of the University of San Marcos. The San Marcos stadium initially had a total capacity of 70,000 people. It has recently been conditioned to an official capacity of 32,000 people. The remodeled venue was for the 2019 South American U-17 Championship and the 2019 Pan American Games.

Research

The University of San Marcos has 37 academic research units. Each of these is grouped according to the academic area in which they carry out their research; thus, they are classified mainly in the areas of: health sciences, basic sciences, engineering, economic and management sciences, and humanities and legal and social sciences. The research centers have museums and specialized laboratories. Each institute also has its own publications.

In addition to the research institutes, the university has around 500 research groups grouped by academic areas and faculty. Since 2015, the University of San Marcos has also had the Center for Technological, Biomedical and Environmental Research (CITBM). It is led by the University of San Marcos and is made up of three national companies and three international centers of excellence. Below is a list of the main research institutes of the University of San Marcos:

Health Sciences: FMSF: Clinical Research Institute FMSF: Center for Research in Biochemistry and Nutrition "Alberto Guzmán Barrón" FMSF: National Institute of Andean Biology FMSF: Pathology Research Institute FMSF: Institute of Tropical Medicine "Daniel A. Carrión" FMSF: Institute of Ethics in Health FMSF: Research Unit of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry FFB: Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Resources "Juan de Dios Guevara" FFB: Institute for Research in Biological Chemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology "Marco Antonio Garrido Malo" FFB: Latin American Center for Teaching and Research in Food Bacteriology FO: Stomatological Research Institute FMV: Veterinary Institute of Tropical and Altitude Research FPSI: Institute for Psychological Research

Basic Sciences: FCB: Research Institute of Biological Sciences FCF: Physics Research Institute FCM: Research Institute of Mathematical Sciences Engineering: FQIQ: Research Unit of the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering FQIQ: Institute of Chemical Sciences FQIQ: Institute of Chemical Engineering FIGMMG: Research Institute of Geological, Mining, Metallurgical, Geographical Engineering FII: Industrial Engineering Research Institute FIEE: Research Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering FISI: Research Institute of Systems Engineering and Informatics

Economics and Management Sciences: FCA: Research Institute of Administrative Sciences FCC: Research Institute of Financial and Accounting Sciences FCE: Research Institute of Economic Sciences Humanities, and legal and social sciences: FLCH: Institute of Humanistic Research FLCH: Institute of Applied Linguistics FLCH: Research Institute of Peruvian and Latin American Thought FLCH: Institute for Linguistic Research FEDU: Educational Research Institute FDCP: Law and Political Science Research Unit FCS: Social Historical Research Institute

Production and scientific publications

According to the annual balance prepared by the National Council of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation (CONCYTEC) of Peru in 2009, 20% of Peruvian scientific production was generated by the National University of San Marcos. Several scientific publications of the University of San Marcos and its research institutes had appeared in Nature and Science. The following is the number of scientific publications of the University of San Marcos from 1990 to 2019 (the most recent year of data published and considered by the 2021 edition of the SCImago Institutions Rankings):

Scientific publications from 1990 to 2005 (according to initial official reports, for annual periods)
Year of publication	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
No. of publications	23	30	18	23	15	32	18	28	26	26	25	31	42	59	59	58
Source: Thomson Scientific (Institute for Scientific Information)

Scientific publications from 2003 to 2019 (according to the most recent official reports, for five-year periods)
Years of publication	2003–2007	2004–2008	2005–2009	2006–2010	2007–2011	2008–2012	2009–2013	2011–2015	2012–2016	2013–2017	2014–2018	2015–2019
No. of publications	342	383	438	535	638	750	892	1125	1265	1386	1574	1791
Source: SIR Ibero-American Ranking

The main scientific publications of the University of San Marcos are published in academic journals Alma Máter—humanities, social sciences, and business sciences— and Theorema—basic sciences, health sciences, and engineering— and in the 20 official magazines of each of the university's faculties, which are listed below. In addition to the magazines listed below, each professional school also has its own academic journal:

Health Sciences: FMSF: Anales de la Facultad de Medicina FFB: Ciencia e Investigación FO: Odontología Sanmarquina FMV: Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú FPSI: Revista de Investigación en Psicología Basic Sciences: FQIQ: Revista Peruana de Química e Ingeniería Química FCB: Revista Peruana de Biología FCF: Revista de Investigación de Física FCM: Pesquimat

Engineering: FIGMMG: Revista del Instituto de Investigación de la Facultad de Minas, Metalurgia y Ciencias Geográficas FII: Industrial Data FIEE: Electrónica-UNMSM FISI: Revista de Investigación de Sistemas e Informática Economics and management sciences: FCA: Gestión en el Tercer Milenio FCC: Quipukamayoc FCE: Pensamiento Crítico

Humanities and legal and social sciences: FLCH: Letras FLCH: Escritura y Pensamiento FEDU: Investigación Educacional FDCP: Docentia et Investigatio FCS: Investigaciones Sociales

University Press

Main article: National University of San Marcos Press

Bookstore of the university

The Editorial Fund of the University of San Marcos is the division in charge of publishing books, magazines, and newspapers under the seal of the university after the proposals have passed rigorous selection procedures. For a work to be published, it must also comply with the imposed publication regulations, as well as with the style manual that the label indicates through its website. The publications are made both in the traditional printed format and via the Internet. The publications of the editorial fund can be purchased at the bookstore and production center of the university: CENPROLID, located in the "University City".

Rankings

University rankings
Global – Overall
QS World	901–950 (2024)
THE World	1500+ (2023)

In the first national university ranking in Peru, prepared by the National Assembly of Rectors of Peru under the auspices of UNESCO in 2006, the National University of San Marcos ranked first in the country. In 2021, the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) ranked the National University of San Marcos as the best university in the country, in its first ranking of the year. In 2022, the university was awarded by the National Council of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation of Peru (Concytec) and the Elsevier corporation for being the institution with the historical highest number of scientific publications in Scopus (6,907), the largest bibliographic database of abstracts and citations of articles in all the universities of Peru.

Alliances and international exchanges

Strategic Alliance of Peruvian Universities

In addition to the agreements of the university itself described above, it has counted as a main member of the Strategic Alliance of Peruvian Universities with agreements to achieve exchanges of undergraduate and postgraduate students from the three main Peruvian universities—UNMSM, UNI and UNALM—and others public and private Peruvian universities as associated members. These exchange programs have occurred mainly with universities in Germany, France, Spain, and Italy, and Japan, as well as other Latin American, European, North American, and Asian countries.

Culture and heritage

Cultural centers

Currently, the National University of San Marcos has two important cultural centers in two of its historic buildings. The well-known Casona de San Marcos—its main cultural center—and the Colegio Real de San Marcos.

Casona of the National University of San Marcos

Main article: Casona of the National University of San Marcos

The Cultural Center "La Casona" of San Marcos (acronym: CCSM), is one of the main tourist attractions of the Historic Center of Lima. The complex is part of the area and the list of buildings in the historic center of the capital that in 1988 was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

The Casona is a cultural tradition of the university. In 1989, the National University of San Marcos, the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation (AECI) and the National Institute of Culture sign a Peru-Spain agreement to adapting its architectural complex for culture and artistic creation.

Royal College of the University of San Marcos

Exterior view of the Royal College of the National University of San Marcos.

The "Royal College" Cultural Center of Contemporary Peruvian Cultures, established as such in 2006, is the second cultural center of the University of San Marcos and also one of the historic buildings of Lima as it is located in the environment of the old "Royal College" of San Marcos dating from the colonial period, next to the Congress of the Republic of Peru. It is made up of three units of the university: the Institute of Applied Linguistics CILA, the "Domingo Angulo" Historical Archive of the University of San Marcos, and the Andean Rural History Seminar. Exhibitions and shows are regularly held, which mainly take place in the exhibition hall of the Royal College.

The history of the Royal College dates back to the end of the 16th century, when it was founded on the initiative of Viceroy Francisco Álvarez de Toledo in 1592. It was a school that studied canons and laws, for the education of the children, grandchildren, and descendants of the conquerors, Spaniards, and residents of the kingdom, as well as people of recognized merit. The rector of the college was also the rector of the University of San Marcos; the day-to-day administration of the school fell to the vice-rector, who lived in the cloister. Both positions had a duration of two years and were maintained even in the event that the rector ceased to be the rector of the University. The rectoral biennium ran from June 28, the eve of the feast of Saint Peter and Saint Paul. The constitutions and ceremonies of the Colegio Mayor Santa Cruz were kept in the College. After the Bourbon Reforms that led to the expulsion of the Jesuits, the campus was recast as the Convictorio de San Carlos. At the end of the 18th century, the War Inspector Gabriel de Avilés y del Fierro dedicated the premises to the headquarters of the Royal Regiment of Lima. Later, during the Republican era, it was the headquarters of the General Staff of the Army. Since the end of the 20th century, the University of San Marcos has given the Royal College the functions of a Cultural Center and Historical Archive.

Higher education and research centers

The University of San Marcos has the following higher education and research centers, two of which also function as house museums and have their respective specialized libraries:

Exterior view of the Raúl Porras Barrenechea Institute: Center for Advanced Studies and Peruvian Research.

• Raúl Porras Barrenechea Institute: Center for Advanced Studies and Peruvian Research (IRPB) was created in homage to the illustrious teacher from San Marcos, Raúl Porras Barrenechea. The institute is in charge of the Raúl Porras Barrenechea House-Museum. It is located in the Miraflores district.
• Temple Radicati Library-Museum Foundation: Center for Advanced Studies and Peruvian Research (FBMTR) was created in homage to San Marcos residents Ella Dunbar Temple Aguilar de Radicati and Carlo Radicati di Primeglio, who donated their property and all their cultural assets to the university. The foundation is in charge of the Temple Radicati House-Museum. Its functions include promoting studies and research.
• Center for Asian Studies (acronym: CEAS) is an organization focused on the study and research of Asian countries, such as China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Indonesia, India, Thailand, among others, in matters of economy, politics, culture, art, society, history, and international relations. It was founded on November 7, 2018, in the Casona de San Marcos within the framework of the Second Annual Meeting of the Fudan University Consortium – Latin America (FLAUC), an event co-organized by Fudan University and the National University of San Marcos. The main objectives of CEAS are: the development and promotion of knowledge about the countries of Asia, the generation of related research, and the proposal of adequate policies for a better use of the opportunities offered by this region, in matters of development, investment, trade and tourism.

University museums

In addition to the two centers for higher studies and research that also function as house museums, the University of San Marcos currently has five institutions that function exclusively as museums, these are:

• Museum of Natural History of Lima: The Natural History Museum, founded on February 28, 1918, was located until 1934 in the Casona de San Marcos; It is currently located outside the university campus, in the Jesús María district. The museum is an important information center on Peruvian biodiversity, thus serving students and national scientists in a documented way. Studies carried out by museum researchers include ecological studies, inventories of the country's biodiversity, and monitoring of natural communities. The museum's collections include specimens of flora, fauna, and geology, many of which also have historical value, as they are specimens obtained by important naturalists such as Antonio Raimondi, Augusto Weberbauer, Ramón Ferreyra, Emma Cerrate, Wolfgang Karl Weyrauch, Hans Koepcke and María Koepcke, among others. Currently, the collections exceed a million and a half copies, many of which are exhibited to the public in an open and permanent manner or in temporary exhibitions.
• Sacaco Paleontological Museum: It is a paleontological museum located in the Bella Unión District, one of the thirteen districts of the Caravelí Province, located in the department of Arequipa. It is part of the set of museums of the National University of San Marcos attached to the Faculty of Biological Sciences and a subsidiary of the Museum of Natural History of Lima. The museum protects the Sacaco Paleontological Zone, recognized by the Ministry of Culture of Peru as a Cultural Heritage of the Nation, this being one of the Paleontological Sites of the Pisco and Camaná Basins that together form part of the indicative list of possible nominees as Heritage of Humanity in Peru.
• Museum of Art: Founded in 1970 by the art historian Francisco Stastny, under the name of Museum of Art and History, it is located in the right-hand courtyard of the Casona de San Marcos. It is currently made up of four collections: the “Popular Art" collection, made up of ceramics and fabrics from towns in the mountains and jungle, which reflect ancient traditions in their elaboration; the collection of "Portraits" that represent teachers from San Marcos and authorities from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries; that of "Modern and Contemporary Art", made up of paintings and sculptures that won competitions organized by the university between 1950 and 1970; and the archive collection of "Peasant Painting". In addition to the exhibitions, the museum publishes various publications, and promotes workshops for university students and the general public.
• Museum of Archeology and Anthropology: Founded in 1919 by the Peruvian archaeologist Julio C. Tello, under the name of Museum of Archeology and Ethnology, it is located between the Patio de Letras and the Patio de los Jazmines de la Casona de San Marcos. The museum has received throughout its history the support of renowned researchers such as Julio César Tello, Luis Eduardo Valcárcel, Luis Lumbreras, Ruth Shady, among others. The museum also carries out various courses and workshops; as well as publications, exhibitions and conferences where they present the results of recent archaeological and anthropological studies.
• Historical Museum of Physical Sciences: It was created on November 11, 1986, with the aim of exhibiting the pieces that were part of the physics cabinet that was previously located in the Casona of the University of San Marcos. The current Historical Museum of Physical Sciences is made up of four areas: the optics and modern physics area, the solid and fluid mechanics area, the heat and waves area, and the electricity and magnetism area. The current purpose of the museum is to promote this discipline, as well as to publicize instruments that long ago allowed experiments to be carried out in this area of research. The museum is located in the pavilion of the Faculty of Physical Sciences of the university, in the University City.
• Museum of the History of Peruvian Medicine: It is the institution in charge of preserving the medical, historical, bibliographic and documentary heritage of the origins of modern medicine in Peru and the Faculty of Medicine of the National University of San Marcos. Among the objects and documents that it preserves, the following stand out: historical medical instruments; the minutes of the Faculty councils and graduation records; the Hipólito Unanue file; the Daniel Alcides Carrión archive made up of his family letters and publications on the wart; watercolors and manuscripts by Antonio Raimondi; paintings of outstanding alumni; old volumes of centenary journals: The Lancet, JAMA, among others; collection of bachelor's theses and medical doctor's theses from 1856 to 1978; works from the 16th century by classical authors; film material, and others.
• Museum of Paleontology: It is the institution in charge of preserving and exhibiting the collection of the Faculty of Geological, Mining, Metallurgical, and Geographical Engineering of the National University of San Marcos. It is made up of paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy cabinets.
• Museum of Minerals: It is the institution in charge of preserving and exhibiting the collection of the Faculty of Geological, Mining, Metallurgical and Geographic Engineering of the National University of San Marcos and part of the private collection of Guido del Castillo, mining engineer, and Peruvian cultural manager. It was inaugurated in September 2019, within the framework of the 35th anniversary of the Professional School of Geological Engineering. It has an important collection of fluorescent minerals, the second of its kind in Peru.

Archaeological sites

The National University of San Marcos has under its custody various archaeological sites, remains, pieces, and historical collections, such as the Huaca de San Marcos and others of the Maranga archaeological complex. They are part of the Maranga monumental complex. It is studied by researchers from the University of San Marcos, in it, various ceramics have been found, as well as spondylus and quipus. The Ministry of Culture of Peru first declared the Huaca San Marcos and then all the minor archaeological sites on the campus, as Cultural Heritage of the Nation.

The Huaca San Marcos, formerly called Huaca Pando or Huaca Aramburú, captured by the researcher Thomas Joseph Hutchinson (1873). It is part of the Maranga complex. Formerly it had in front of it, the Huaca Concha, destroyed in the middle of the 20th century.

• Pacopampa Archaeological Site: This ceremonial complex is located in the department of Cajamarca, Chota province, Querocoto District. In 1966, Pablo Macera organized a trip to the archaeological site, previously identified by Rafael Larco Hoyle, and in 1970 he got Emilio Choy Ma, a researcher of Ancient Peru, to make a donation to San Marcos to acquire the Pacopampa Ceremonial Center. Since that date, the university has had permanent care of the archaeological monument. Different archaeologists have come to carry out 16 archaeological campaigns. In the first stage, the archaeologists Hermilio Rosas and Ruth Shady intervened. Later, different investigations have been carried out by the archaeologist Rosa Fung Pineda, Peter Kaulicke, Isabel Flores, Idilio Santillana, Daniel Morales Chocano, and Jaime Miasta Gutiérrez. In 2009, an archaeological mission from Japan led by Yuji Seki identified the grave goods of a woman called the "Lady of Pacopampa", which would be almost 3,000 years old. On November 21, 2010, the Ministry of Culture of Peru declared the Archaeological Site of San Pedro de Pacopampa as Cultural Heritage of the Nation.

• Sacaco Paleontological Zone: Millions of years ago, the current Sacaco desert was a bay with enormous beings due to its dimensions, a marine area that, as a result of geological changes, has preserved the fossils of various species that lived during the upper Miocene and lower Pliocene; among these stand out huge sharks, whales, giant oysters and megatheriums that are now exposed. In this context, Hans Jacob Siber founded the Sacaco Paleontological Museum to preserve the paleontological zone of the same name, which was recognized by the Ministry of Culture of Peru as Cultural Heritage of the Nation. This area is part of the Paleontological Sites of the Pisco and Camaná Basins that together are currently on the indicative list of possible nominees as World Heritage Sites in Peru.

Specialized libraries

The University of San Marcos, in addition to its central Library and the libraries of its faculties located mainly in the University City, has four other important specialized libraries:

• Spain Library of the Arts: Previously known as the "Spanish Library of the Cultural Center of the National University of San Marcos", it is dedicated to collecting, organizing, preserving, and disseminating the bibliographic and audiovisual heritage.
• Library Raúl Porras Barrenechea Institute: It contains the personal papers of the San Marcos educator Raúl Porras Barrenechea, his research files, letters, ballot papers, notebooks, notebooks and notes, publications, and original texts of his written production, a documentary set that constitutes the Porras Archive. The Melitón Porras Archive and part of the José Gálvez Archive, handed over by his heirs, are also preserved in this location.
• Museum of Natural History Library: The "Javier Prado" Museum of Natural History has collections of enormous historical value in its library, which are the product of important naturalists such as Antonio Raimondi, Augusto Weberbauer, María Koepcke, among others. These collections make the library and the museum important information centers on Peruvian biodiversity – flora, fauna, and geology.
• Temple-Radicati Library: It is part of the "Temple-Radicati" Library-Museum Foundation, which was established in 1996 thanks to donations from Ella Dunbar Temple Aguilar de Radicati and Carlo Radicati di Primeglio. The collection is made up of Spanish and Italian encyclopedias, dictionaries, books on history, geography, sociology, literature and various novels, law, art, archaeology, etc.

Athletics

On August 7, 1924, San Marcos students founded the University Sports Federation of Peru (FEDUP). Since 1936, this federation has organized the National University Sports Games, the Regional University Sports Games and the National University Championships. In addition, since 1963, it has participated in the Universiade. Most university sports activities take place in the gymnasium and in the San Marcos University Stadium. The university has a lot of teams that participate in the national and regional leagues of different sports. The basketball team had participated in the Lima Basketball League, both in the men's division and in the women's superior division.

The University of San Marcos has had various professional football teams, including the University Football Federation (Club Universitario de Deportes), founded in 1924 by students of the association of the representative teams of the Faculties of the then Royal and Pontifical University of San Marcos and the Special Schools of Engineering, Agronomy and Central Normal until was separated from the university and became private due to problems with the authorities in 1932; and the Deportivo Universidad San Marcos that came to dispute the second division until 2012.

National University Games: Universiade

The first university Games were held in 1936 in the city of Lima. Since then, four years between each Games was marked, though, recently, they have been taking place every 2 years. In 1951, the Stadium of the University of San Marcos was inaugurated in the center of the main campus. The University of San Marcos has teams for the different sports disciplines: National university games. San Marcos has won 9 of the 11 editions where a champion was declared.

Likewise, for the celebration of the 2019 Pan American Games, the Organizing Committee of Lima 2019 chose various sports facilities located between the city of Lima, as well as in Callao, as Pan American venues. Among them, the National University of San Marcos had its stadium remodeled to host the event. The Stadium of the National University of San Marcos was the sole venue of the 2019 South American U-17 Championship that took place in Peru.

Origin of the Club Universitario de Deportes

Main article: Club Universitario de Deportes

José Rubio Galindo, a student at the Faculty of Letters, and Luis Málaga Arenas, a student at the Faculty of Medicine, dedicated their free hours to exchanging ideas with a view to realizing a common desire: "to form a great institution." Then they would join Plácido Galindo, Eduardo Astengo, Rafael Quirós, Mario de las Casas, Alberto Denegri, Luis de Souza Ferreira (who scored the first Peruvian goal in a FIFA World Cup), Andrés Rotta, Carlos Galindo, Francisco Sabroso, Jorge Góngora, Pablo Pacheco, Carlos Lassus and Carlos Cillóniz among others.

Thus, on August 7, 1924, at 7:00 p.m. (UTC-5), university students met at the headquarters of the Federation of Students of Peru, at 106, Juan de la Coba street, in the city of Lima, giving rise to the Federación Universitaria de Fútbol as an association of the representative teams of the Faculties of the University of San Marcos and the Special Schools of Engineering, Agronomy and Central Normal.

In the founding act of the club, it was determined to establish as a shield a garnet-colored letter "U" enclosed in a circle of the same color with a white background. The design was in charge of Luis Málaga Arenas from Arequipa, at that time a delegate of the "San Fernando" Faculty of Medicine and one of the most enthusiastic managers of the formation of the Federación Universitaria de Fútbol. The first shields were large and had a very rustic finish. They were used on the left side of the chest and in some cases in the center of the uniform. Currently, the official design of the shield uses more stylized typography and the background of the shield is cream. In sportswear, it is always used on the left side.

The National Sports Committee, the highest body of Peruvian sports at that time, recognized the Federación Universitaria as if it were a League. Hence, together with the Peruvian Football League, the Amateur Association, the Callao League, Circolo Sportivo Italiano and Lima Cricket and Football Club, they formed the Football Federation. After participating in different inter-university tournaments and friendly matches between 1924 and 1927, the Peruvian Football Federation invited the Federación Universitaria to participate in the Selection and Competition Championship (First Division Tournament) of 1928.

In 1929, the Federación Universitaria team of the University of San Marcos (today Club Universitario de Deportes) won the National Championship for the first time.

It made its official debut on May 27 against the José Olaya de Chorrillos Club, whom it beat 7:1. At the end of the championship, the Federación Universitaria ranked second behind Alianza Lima, with which they played for the title in three games: (1:0 victory, 1:1 draw and 2:0 defeat). In 1929, the championship only had the participation of twelve teams due to the suspension of Alianza Lima for refusing to cede its players to the national team. In this tournament, Federación Universitaria obtained its first national title, at the end of the championship with seven wins, three draws and one loss, completing seventeen points, one more than Circolo Sportivo Italiano, which it had defeated 7:0. Carlos Cillóniz, a Federación Universitaria footballer, scored eight goals, becoming the top scorer in the championship.

In 1930, the first FIFA World Cup was held in Montevideo, Uruguay, and the Peruvian team attended the event with a squad that featured eight players from the Federación Universitaria squad (Eduardo Astengo, Carlos Cillóniz, Luis de Souza Ferreira, Alberto Denegri, Arturo Fernández, Plácido Galindo, Jorge Góngora and Pablo Pacheco). After the World Cup, the club's first official tour took place: it traveled to the provinces by steamboat to face the Association White Star, which it defeated 1:0, then he toured Huacho and participated in the Gubbins Cup. That same year, it was part of group 2 in the national tournament, achieving two victories and a draw, with which he advanced to the final league, where it placed third.

Manifestation of students from San Marcos, members of the Federation of University Students (acronym: FEU), hoisting in 1930 the flag used to represent both their organization and the emerging Federación Universitaria de Fútbol.

The following year, the rector José Antonio Encinas prohibited the use of the name—Federación Universitaria de Fútbol—and this led to the change by Club Universitario de Deportes.

Club Deportivo San Marcos

Main article: Deportivo Universidad San Marcos

In 2001, the University of San Marcos created the Club Deportivo Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, which was born as a club in the summer of 2001. In subsequent years it would rise in the district and regional leagues until it reached the Second Division of Peru, where it played until 2011. Club San Marcos played at home in the San Marcos stadium located on the university campus. The team baptized with the name "The lions", because this animal is the symbol of Mark the Evangelist, had its best participation in 2006, when it reached the runner-up position in the Second Division.

Later, the university creates Deportivo San Marcos. The club participates from 2013 to date in the first division of Cercado de Lima. It is one of the main cheerleading teams in the tournament and was runner-up three times. He qualified several times for the Interleague tournament in Lima. Then the San Marcos Cultural Sports Association, which participated in the Pueblo Libre district league in 2013 and qualified for the Lima Interleagues of the same period. Finally, the university has its own football team that participates in the University Football League organized by FEDUP, from 2008 to the present.

Notable alumni and academics

See also: Category:National University of San Marcos alumni and Category:Academic staff of the National University of San Marcos

Both formally and colloquially, the characters that have been part of the National University of San Marcos have received the title of sanmarquinos. The word has been in common use by the Peruvian population to refer to the close and prominent figures of this house of studies, and even to the pets and animals adopted by the university community.

See also

• Education in Peru
• List of universities in Peru
• List of colonial universities in Latin America
• Casona de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
• University City of the National University of San Marcos
• National School of Sciences and Arts of Cuzco, considered the oldest school in Peru

References

• Cayo Códova, Percy (2004). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. TOMO III: República (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Orbis Ventures, El Comercio. ISBN 9972-752-03-8.
• Del Busto Duthurburu, José Antonio (2004). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. TOMO II: Conquista y Virreinato (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Orbis Ventures, El Comercio. ISBN 9972-752-02-X.
• De León Pinelo, Antonio (1631). Por la real Universidad y escuelas generales de S. Marcos de la ciudad de Lima, en las provincias del Perú (in Spanish). Madrid, España.
• Eguiguren Escudero, Luis Antonio (1959) [1949, 1951]. Diccionario histórico-cronológico de la Real y Pontifica Universidad de San Marcos y sus colegios (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM.
• Eguiguren Escudero, Luis Antonio (1951). Historia de la Universidad. La universidad en el Siglo XVI (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM.
• García Cáceres, Uriel (2004). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. TOMO XII: Salud (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Orbis Ventures, El Comercio. ISBN 9972-752-12-7.
• García Zárate, Óscar Augusto [compilador] (2003). Hacia una nueva universidad en el Perú (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM.
• González Vigil, Ricardo (2004). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. TOMO XIV: Literatura (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Orbis Ventures, El Comercio. ISBN 9972-752-14-3.
• Higgins, James (2005). Lima: A cultural history. Nueva York, EEUU: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517890-4.
• Maticorena Estrada, Miguel (2000). San Marcos de Lima, Universidad Decana de América, una argumentación histórica-jurídica y el derecho indiano (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM.
• Porras Barrenechea, Raúl (2010). San Marcos y la cultura peruana: Mito, tradición e historia del Perú (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM.
• Sánchez Sánchez, Luis Alberto (1961). La universidad no es una isla... Un estudio, un plan, y tres discursos (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Ediciones Perú.
• Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (2007). Catálogo Universitario y Prospecto de Admisión 2008-II (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Centro de Producción e Imprenta de la UNMSM.
• Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (2010). Catálogo Universitario y Prospecto de Admisión 2011-I (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Centro de Producción e Imprenta de la UNMSM.
• Valcárcel Esparza, Carlos Daniel (1981). Historia de la Universidad de San Marcos (1551–1980) (in Spanish). Caracas: Academia Nacional de la Historia.
• Valcárcel Esparza, Carlos Daniel (2001). San Marcos, Universidad Decana de América (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM. ISBN 9972-46-140-8.
• López Soria, José Ignacio; et al. (2004). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. TOMO XI: Ciencia y Tecnología (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Orbis Ventures, El Comercio. ISBN 9972-752-11-9.
• Peña Rodríguez, Víctor Antonio; et al. (2002). La Producción científica en San Marcos (1995–2001) (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM.
• Summerfield, Carol J.; et al. (1998). International Dictionary of University Histories. Chicago, Illinois, EEUU: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 1-884964-23-0.

External links

• (in Spanish) National University of San Marcos website
• (in Spanish) Faculty of Medicine website